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7 protocols using bismuth nitrate pentahydrate bi no3 3 5h2o

1

Synthesis of Bismuth Nitrate Nanocomposite

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Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate [Bi (NO3)3·5H2O] (Sigma-Aldrich, 98.0%), glacial acetic acid (Molar Chemicals Ltd., 100%), potassium chloride (Molar Chemicals, 99.7%), functionalized carbon nanotubes (Nanothinx S. A., Greece), Phenol (VWR extra pure, 100%) and RhB from Alfa Aesar (no purity data given). All the reagents were of analytical grade and used without further purification. Deionized water was used for the entire study. Methanol of HPLC-grade was used for HPLC measurements to prepare the necessary eluent for the analysis.
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2

Synthesis and Degradation of Nanomaterials

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Bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3·5H2O, Sigma Aldrich 99%), ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3, Sigma Aldrich 99%), chloroauric acid (HAuCl4, Sigma Aldrich 99%), sodium borohydride (NaBH4, Sigma Aldrich 99%) and deionized water (99.99%, PAEC PK) were used for synthesis, without any further purification. Crystal violet dye (C25H30ClN3, Sigma Aldrich 99%) was used for degradation.
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3

Synthesis of Barium Titanate Powders

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Reagent grade titanium (IV) isopropoxide Ti(OiPr)4 (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA, CAS 546-68-9), barium acetate Ba(CH3COO)2 (Analyticals Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy CAS 543-80-6), sodium acetate NaCH3COO (Analyticals Carlo Erba, Milan, Italy, CAS 127-09-3), calcium nitrate tetrahydrate Ca(NO3)24H2O (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA, CAS 13477-34-4), bismuth nitrate pentahydrate Bi(NO3)35H2O (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA, CAS 10035-06-0), potassium hydroxide KOH (VWR International, Milan, Italy CAS 1310-58-3), glacial acetic acid CH3COOH (ITW Reagents, Darmstadt, Germany, CAS 64-19-7), and absolute ethanol C2H5OH (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany, CAS 64-17-5) were employed for powders synthesis. As a comparison, commercial barium titanate powders were purchased from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium) and the sample was labeled BT_comm.
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4

Preparation of Electrode Materials

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Analytical reagent grade ammonium metavanadate (NH4VO3), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and anhydrous glycerol were purchased from Merck, India. Polyvinlydene fluoride (PVDF), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP) and activated carbon (AC) were purchased from Himedia, India whereas bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3.5H2O) was purchased from Sigma Aldrich. Research grade graphene dispersion in water was procured from US Research Nanomaterials Inc. All chemicals were used as received without further purification.
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5

Synthesis of BiOI/Mordenite Composites

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All the reagents used in the synthesis of BiOI/mordenite composites were of analytical grade. For this purpose, bismuth nitrate pentahydrate Bi(NO3)3∙5H2O (Sigma-Aldrich, Toluca, México, 99.0%) was used as Bi3+ ion source; potassium iodide KI (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, 99.0%) was employed as a source of I ions, and a mixture of absolute ethanol (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany, 99.5% v/v) and deionized water was used as a solvent. A synthetic mordenite-type zeolite in its hydrogen form with a SiO2/Al2O3 ratio of 90 and surface area of 500 m2 g−1 (coded as CBV 90A) (Zeolyst Int. Farmsum, The Netherlands). was applied in the synthesis of the composite. A solution of caffeic acid (10 mg L−1) was used as the target organic contaminant, representative of phenolic pollutants normally found in agro-industrial wastewaters.
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6

Photocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Compounds

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All the chemicals employed in the experiments were obtained commercially with the analytical grade without further purification, containing bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO3)3⋅5H2O, Sigma-Aldrich), potassium Chloride (KCl, Ajax Finechem), potassium Bromide (KBr, 98%, KemAus), potassium Iodide (KI, 99.0%, Ajax Finechem), ethylene glycol (C2H6O2, KemAus), ethanol absolute (C2H6O3, 99.9%, QReC), hydrogen peroxide (30 wt%, Merck), glyceraldehyde (GCD, 98%, Sigma Aldrich), glyceric acid (GCA, 20 wt%, TCI), glyoxylic acid (C2H2O3, 98%, Sigma Aldrich), glycolic acid (GCOA, 70 wt%, Ajax Finechem), formic acid (FMA, 98%, Merck), dihydroxyacetone (DHA, 98%, Merck) and glycerol (GLY, 99.5%, QReC). The probe compounds used to determine OH radical levels were para‐chlorobenzoic acid (pCBA, Sigma Aldrich).
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7

Synthesis of BiOBr Microspheres

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BiOBr Microspheres (BiOBr-MicSphe) were obtained by solvothermal synthesis. The synthesis of materials was performed using a solution of ethylene glycol (Merck 99.5%) with concentration 0.1 M of KBr (99.0% Merck), was added to a solution of ethylene glycol with concertation 0.1 M of bismuth nitrate pentahydrate (Bi(NO 3 ) 3 × 5H 2 O (99.0%, Sigma-Aldrich). The mixture was stirred at room temperature and then poured into to an autoclave reactor. The reactor was heated using the experimental design displayed in Table 1. After the reaction times has elapsed, the reactor is cooled down at room temperature, for each experiment. The solids were separated by gravity filtration and washed with distilled absolute ethanol and water. The BiOBr materials obtained were dried at 60 °C for 24 hours.
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