Workbench 2019

The finite element method to solve basic control equations and related boundary conditions specific to a particular task was implemented in Ansys Workbench 2019 (Ansys Inc, Canonsburg, PA, USA). Finite element analysis (FEA) was used to simulate the tensile load on the sample up to the moment before destruction. The built-in library contains a large selection of various materials including PLA. However, for nonlinear analysis, only having embedded data is not sufficient. To process and apply experimental data as input, it is necessary to define a model. Here, we considered the Mooney–Rivlin model with 3, 5, and 9 parameters [33 (link)]. The model with 3 parameters showed the worst fit, while 5 and 9 parameters fitted the curve equally well. Therefore, we chose the Mooney–Rivlin model with 5 parameters as the determining one. The coefficients of the five-parameter Mooney–Rivlin model were found by approximating the experimental data using Ansys Workbench. The specimens were meshed at the resolution of 5 mm/cell with HEX20 elements. The load was applied to the upper plane of the sample and the boundary conditions were applied to the lower part.

The special FE software ANSYS Workbench 2019 (ANSYS, USA) was used to calculate the models, which were defined as isotropic, homogeneous, continuous elastic materials. We designed and built fifteen 3D-FE models of the PEKK mesh with thicknesses of 0.2 mm, 0.3 mm, 0.4 mm, 0.5 mm, or 0.6 mm and a pore size of 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm, or 3.0 mm (Table 1).
To achieve greater simulation accuracy, the interface between the PEKK mesh with the cortical bone and the graft bone was set to be in frictional contact with a friction coefficient of 0.2 [11 (link)]. The junctions between other models were set to be rigidly connected, such as the connection between the PEKK mesh with titanium screws. According to the literature, Table 2 lists the material properties of the PEKK, cortical bone, periodontal ligament, bone graft, teeth, cancellous bone, and titanium.
The ascending mandibular ramus, the lower edge of the mandible, and the median symphysis were set as the boundaries to limit the movement of the model. In the axial direction, we applied a functional loading force of 100 N to the model [17 ] (Figure 3). Then, the deformation and stress data of the PEKK mesh were output for follow-up analysis.

Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) data (HiRes3D-Plus; Largev, Beijing, China); MIMICS 20.0 software (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium); GEOMAGIC Studio 2014 (RaindropGEOMAGIC, North Carolina, USA); NX1911 software (Siemens, German); ANSYS Workbench 2019 (ANSYS, Pennsylvania, USA); clear aligner (Align Technology, San Jose, California, USA); attachment (Filtek™P60, 3 M ESPE, 3 M, St. Paul, MN, USA).