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3 protocols using ave0991

1

SARS-CoV-2 Spike Protein Receptor Binding

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Fura-2-acetoxymethyl (AM) ester, capsaicin (CAP), iodo-resiniferatoxin (I-RTX, a specific TRPV1 blocker), AVE0991 (a non-peptide MASR1 agonist), Ang II, losartan (an AT1R blocker), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and amiloride were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. In addition, we used CALHM1 and CALHM3 Taqman primer assay mix (HS0736332_m1 and HS07290139_m1). SARS-CoV-2 (2019-nCoV) spike S1 (D614G)-His recombinant protein was obtained from Sino Biological. TRPV1 and ACE2 small interfering RNA (siRNA) (Qiagen FlexiTube Premix siRNA) were used to downregulate TRPV1 and ACE2, respectively. Scrambled siRNA (Qiagen) was used as a negative control. Pluronic F127 was obtained from Life Technologies.
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2

OVA-Induced Asthma Model and AVE0991 Treatment

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All animals' care and experimental procedures were approved by the Animal Research Committee of Sun Yat-sen University (application number 2017189). Twelve animals total were used in our experiments.
Male BALB/c mice aged six to eight weeks, purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Company, were housed in pathogen-free conditions. All mice were maintained in a 12/12h light-dark cycle with well temperature-control and were given free access to standard food and tap water.
OVA Immunization, Challenge, and AVE0991 Treatment As shown in Figure S1, the mice were sensitized with intraperitoneal injections (i.p.) of 10μg OVA (A5503; Sigma) emulsi ed in 1mg aluminium hydroxide (122261; SERVA) for a total volume of 200ul on days 1, 7, and 14. Beginning on day 21, sensitized mice were challenged by 2.5% OVA (atomized for 30min on 7 consecutive days) [19] [20] [21] . Control mice were given saline i.p. (200μl per mouse) and challenged with saline at the same time points. During the challenge period, half of OVA groups were treated with 1mg/(kg•d) AVE0991 (B1007; APExBio;) by visible intratracheal administration an hour before atomization (Figure S2).
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3

Angiotensin-(1-7) Signaling in LPS-Induced Inflammation

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Sprague Dawley rats weighing ~200-250 g were obtained from the Department of Laboratory Animal Science of Shanghai Jiaotong University and all experiments were performed in accordance with the protocol approved by the Ethics Committee of Animal Research at the College of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University (Shanghai, China). Shanghai, China. LPS (Escherichia coli 055:B5), Ang-(1-7) and a Mas receptor agonist (AVE0991) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA), and a Mas receptor blocker (A779) was purchased from AbBiotech (San Diego, CA, USA). Mouse anti-AT1R, rabbit anti-Vimentin, and mouse anti-E-cadherin primary antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Rabbit anti-Mas primary antibody was procured from Alomone Labs (Jerusalem, Israel). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat antimouse and goat anti-rabbit secondary antibodies were both purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). TGF-β, AngII, and Ang-(1-7) ELISA Kits were procured from the Kamiya Biomedical Company (Seattle, WA, USA).
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