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4 protocols using adipic acid

1

Screening Organic Acids and Peroxidase Activity

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The chemicals, their sources, purity, and CAS #s were: adipic acid, TCI, ≥ 99%, 124-04-9; ammonium nitrate, Fisher, ACS grade, 6484-52-2; citric acid monohydrate, Fisher, ACS grade, 5949-29-1; DL-3-hydroxybutyric acid sodium salt, Chem Impex Int’l Inc., 100.30%, 150-83-4 & 306-31-0; DL-malic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98%, 6915-15-7; glutaric acid, Acros organics, 99%, 110-94-1; hydrogen peroxide 3% W/W, BDH chemicals, 7722-84-1; horseradish peroxide type II, Sigma, 150-250 U/mg, 9003-99-0; lactic acid, TCI, ≥ 85%, 50-21-5; pimelic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98+%, 111-16-0; sodium acetate, VWR, ACS grade, 127-09-3; sodium azide, Sigma, 99.8%, 26628-22-8; sodium nitrate, BDH chemicals, ACS grade, 7631-99-4; succinic acid, TCI America, ≥ 99%,110-15-6; and tricarballylic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98%, 99-14-9. For electron microscopy, hexagonal copper square grids with 200 mesh carbon support film from Electron Microscopy Sciences were used. Pierce Biotechnology’s 2 kD MWCO Slide-A-Lyzer™ dialysis cassettes were used.
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2

Analytical Characterization of Organic Compounds

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The chemicals, their sources, purity, and CAS numbers were adipic acid,
TCI, ≥ 99%, 124-04-9; ammonium nitrate, Fisher, ACS grade, 6484-52-2;
citric acid monohydrate, Fisher, ACS grade, 5949-29-1; DL-3-hydroxybutyric acid
sodium salt, Chem Impex Int’l Inc., 100.30%, 150-83-4 & 306-31-0;
DL-malic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98%, 6915-15-7; glutaric acid, Acros organics,
99%,110-94-1; hydrogen peroxide 3% W/W, BDH chemicals, 7722-84-1; horseradish
peroxide type II, Sigma, 150-250 U/mg, 9003-99-0; lactic acid, TCI, ≥
85%, 50-21-5; pimelic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98+%, 111-16-0; sodium acetate, VWR, ACS
grade, 127-09-3; sodium azide, Sigma, 99.8%, 26628-22-8; sodium nitrate, BDH
chemicals, ACS grade, 7631-99-4; succinic acid, TCI America, ≥
99%,110-15-6; and tricarballylic acid, Alfa Aesar, 98%, 99-14-9. The electron
microscopy grids were 200 mesh carbon support film on hexagonal copper square
grids from Electron Microscopy Sciences. Pierce Biotechnology’s 2 kD MWCO
Slide-A-Lyzer™ dialysis cassettes were used. Trace metal grade
concentrated nitric acid was from Fisher. ICP/DCP Ce ion standard solution was
from Aldrich.
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3

Synthesis of Polyurethane-based Elastomers

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1,10-Decanediol, 4,4′-methylene diphenyl diisocyanate (4,4′-MDI) and titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP) were purchased from Fisher Scientific (Schwerte, Germany). For titration tests, acetic anhydride, methanol and potassium hydroxide solution in methanol with concentrations of 0.5 mol−1 and 0.1 mol−1 were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). N-Methyl-2-pyrrolidone (2-NMP), chloroform and 4-dimethylaminopyridine (4-DMAP) were bought from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Adipic acid, 1,4-butanediol and a molecular sieve (4 Å) were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany). A filament from polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PET-G) was purchased from FilamentWorld (Neu-Ulm, Germany). The ether-based thermoplastic polyurethane elastomer Desmopan® 9370AU was supplied by Covestro Deutschland AG (Leverkusen, Germany). The polymer is characterized by a Shore A hardness of 70 [60 ] and was used as a flexible component in our unit cell approaches.
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4

Synthesis and Characterization of Biobased Polymers

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Chemicals for growth medium and HPLC mobile phase were purchased in the highest purity available from Carl‐Roth GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany), Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), or Sigma‐Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Cyclohexanone and cyclohexanol were purchased with a purity of ≥99.5% purity from Sigma‐Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). ε‐caprolactone and adipic acid were obtained at 99% purity from Alfa Aeser (Kandel, Germany) and AppliChem GmbH (Darmstadt, Germany), respectively. 6‐Hydroxyhexanoic acid was purchased from abcr GmbH (Karlsruhe, Germany), purity 95%, and used without further purification.
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