Pom, Tur and gelatine gel were purchased from local market of Chennai, India. Spectroscopic grade solvents were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich for extraction of dyes from natural resources. Ploy vinyl alcohol (PVA) (m.wt. approx 150000) was also purchased from Sigma-Aldrich for film preparation. UV-VIS electronic absorption spectra measurements were carried out in a Jasco V-650 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer with a scan rate of 1000 nm s−1. Fluorescence emission spectra of the samples were measured using Fluoromax-4 (Horiba Jobin Yvon) spectrofluorometer, with a xenon lamp of 150 W as excitation source. Excitation and emission monochromator band passes were kept at 5 nm and quartz cell cuvette (1 × 1 cm). CIE colour coordinates have been calculated using freely available online Osram Sylvania software51 .
V 650 uv visible spectrophotometer
Manufactured by Jasco
Sourced in Japan
The V-650 UV-Visible Spectrophotometer is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the absorbance or transmittance of light in the ultraviolet and visible regions of the electromagnetic spectrum. It is capable of quantifying the concentration of specific substances in a sample by analyzing the absorption or transmission of light at various wavelengths.
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5 protocols using v 650 uv visible spectrophotometer
1
Natural Dye-Based Fluorescent Films
2
Comprehensive Characterization of BiVO4 Electrodes
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The morphology of electrodes was observed using an S-4800 field emission scanning microscope (SEM; Hitachi Co., Japan) and a JEM-3010 transmission electron microscope (TEM; JOEL Ltd, Japan). The crystal structure of the BiVO4 electrode was examined using a thin film X-ray diffractometer (XRD; RIGAKU Co. Japan) with a Cu Kα radiation wavelength of 1.5418 Å. UV–vis absorbance and transmittance spectra was obtained using a V-650 UV/visible spectrophotometer (JASCO Inc., Japan). X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic analysis was carried out using a K-alpha (Thermo Scientific, USA) in the scan range of 0–1200 eV. The photoconversion efficiency of the perovskite photovoltaic device was measured using a K3000 solar simulator (McScience, Korea) under solar-simulated AM 1.5G illumination, and it was calibrated using a NREL-certified silicon reference cell.
3
Probing RNA G-Quadruplex Formation
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Prior to CD experiments, quadruplex formation of 1 μM RNA was carried out. Circular Dichroism (CD) experiments were performed at 20°C using a JASCO J-810 spectropolarimeter (JASCO, Gross-Umstadt, Germany) equipped with a Peltier temperature controller. Spectra were recorded in 1 mm quartz cuvettes. CD scans were taken from 220 to 320 nm in duplicates each with four accumulations and their average was calculated. A CD spectrum of the buffer was recorded and subtracted from the spectrum obtained for the RNA-containing solution.
For UV melting and annealing studies, RNA samples were prepared at 1 μM concentration in 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5 with KCl (10 mM and 100 mM). UV annealing and melting studies were carried out on a JASCO V-650 UV–visible spectrophotometer equipped with a Peltier temperature controller. Samples were heated to 95°C and cooled down to 20°C at a 0.2°C min−1 temperature gradient, and absorption data recorded at 295 nm were collected every 0.5 min on both annealing and melting steps. The wavelength of 295 nm was previously shown to yield more precise results than 260 nm when studying G-quadruplexes (35 (link),36 (link)). The annealing and melting cycles were performed in duplicate in three independent experiments.
For UV melting and annealing studies, RNA samples were prepared at 1 μM concentration in 10 mM Tris-HCl, pH 7.5 with KCl (10 mM and 100 mM). UV annealing and melting studies were carried out on a JASCO V-650 UV–visible spectrophotometer equipped with a Peltier temperature controller. Samples were heated to 95°C and cooled down to 20°C at a 0.2°C min−1 temperature gradient, and absorption data recorded at 295 nm were collected every 0.5 min on both annealing and melting steps. The wavelength of 295 nm was previously shown to yield more precise results than 260 nm when studying G-quadruplexes (35 (link),36 (link)). The annealing and melting cycles were performed in duplicate in three independent experiments.
4
Ciprofloxacin Removal from Surface Water
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Elimination of ciprofloxacin from a model effluent was studied as a preliminary approach to optimize the synthesis of the sorbent material. Evian water (pH= 7.5-7.8) was used to mimic the ionic composition of a typical surface water. Ciprofloxacin in the aqueous medium was quantified by measuring the specific absorbance peak at 272 nm wavelength. A Jasco V-650 UV-visible spectrophotometer (Jasco, Japan) was used for this purpose, with quartz cells of 1 cm optical pathway. A calibration curve was first measured showing good linearity from 0.5 to 20 mg/L (R 2 = 0.9999). Every absorbance measurement was processed in triplicate.
Ciprofloxacin was first spiked into water at 5 mg/L. The sorbent material was then added at a concentration of 50 mg/L and the reactor was kept under agitation for three hours by magnetic stirring at 650 rpm. Aliquots of the mixture were sampled at different times and filtered at 0.45 µm to remove the sorbent material and the retained ciprofloxacin. The supernatant was then analysed by UV absorbance to measure the concentration of ciprofloxacin remaining free in solution. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using a Kratos -Axis NOVA XPS equiped with a monochromatic Al K source to assess adsorption mechanism (150 Watts).
Ciprofloxacin was first spiked into water at 5 mg/L. The sorbent material was then added at a concentration of 50 mg/L and the reactor was kept under agitation for three hours by magnetic stirring at 650 rpm. Aliquots of the mixture were sampled at different times and filtered at 0.45 µm to remove the sorbent material and the retained ciprofloxacin. The supernatant was then analysed by UV absorbance to measure the concentration of ciprofloxacin remaining free in solution. X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) was performed using a Kratos -Axis NOVA XPS equiped with a monochromatic Al K source to assess adsorption mechanism (150 Watts).
5
Spectroscopic Analysis of Decolorization
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Decolorization was monitored by UV-vis spectroscopic analysis (Jasco V-650 UV visible spectrophotometer). For each sample, it was followed by monitoring the changes in the absorption spectrum (300 nm-800 nm). The color of the ICWwas measured at the maximum absorbance λ max (317 nm). The decolorization was determined by the following equation.
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