Surgery was performed as previously described by Martinez-Rivera et al, 2013. Briefly, all animals were food deprived 16–18 hours before surgery. On the day of surgery, rats were anesthetized with sodium pentobarbital (0.25mg/Kg) (SigmaAldricti MO) and atropine sulfate was administered (0.54mg/Kg) (Phoenix Pharmaceuticals). The 10mm guide cannula (23 gauges, Small Parts, FL, USA) were implanted using a stereotaxic procedure within the NAc shell (A-P +3.5, M-L ±1.0, D-V −5.3). Stainless steel screws (Plastic One, VA, USA) and dental cement (Caribbean Dental Products Corporation, PR) were used to secure the cannula, and wire stylets were inserted into them. Rats were allowed to recover 7–10 days before starting behavioral experiments.
Atropine sulfate
Manufactured by Phoenix Pharmaceuticals
Atropine sulfate is a crystalline compound derived from the Atropa belladonna plant. It is a muscarinic antagonist that acts by competitively inhibiting the effects of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors. Atropine sulfate is commonly used in various laboratory and research applications.
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Lab products found in correlation
2 protocols using atropine sulfate
1
Stereotaxic Cannula Implantation in Rats
2
Unilateral Rat Vocal Fold Stripping
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Eleven Sprague-Dawley male rats (400–450 g in weight) were involved in the study. Rat vocal fold stripping was performed as previously described [7 (link),8 (link)]. In short, rats were anesthetized with an intraperitoneal injection of ketamine (90 mg/kg; Animal Health, Fort Dodge, IA, USA) and xylazine (9 mg/kg; Phoenix, St. Joseph, MO, USA). Atropine sulfate (0.05 mg/kg; Phoenix) was injected intraperitoneally to reduce the secretion of saliva and sputum in the laryngeal lumen. The animals were placed on an operating platform in a near-vertical position [19 (link),20 (link)]. A suspension microlaryngoscope, fabricated from 1-mm diameter steel wire, was inserted though the mouth to maintain the surgical field. Vocal folds were visualized using a 1.9-mm diameter telescope with an angle of 25 degrees (Richard Wolf, Vernon Hills, IL, USA). Using a 25-G spinal needle (Tyco Healthcare, Mansfield, MA, USA) and microforceps, unilateral vocal fold stripping was performed until the thyroarytenoid muscle was exposed. The other side was kept intact and used as a control. All rats recovered from the anesthesia.
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