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Formamidinium iodide

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Formamidinium iodide is a chemical compound used as a component in some types of lab equipment. It serves as a functional material in certain applications, but a detailed unbiased description of its core function cannot be provided while maintaining conciseness and avoiding interpretation or extrapolation.

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Lab products found in correlation

Methylammonium iodide, by Merck Group (6 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (6 mentions) Methylammonium bromide, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Chlorobenzene, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Cesium iodide, by Merck Group (4 mentions) Lead iodide, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Lead bromide, by Merck Group (3 mentions) Lead 2 iodide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Isopropanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Chlorobenzene, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Toluene, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lead 2 bromide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lead iodide pbi2, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Formamidinium bromide, by Merck Group (2 mentions) N n dimethylformamide (dmf), by Merck Group (2 mentions) Lead bromide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Nvision 40, by Zeiss (1 mentions) Acetone, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions) Anhydrous dimethylformamide, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)

Close spelling variants of this product

Formamidinium (2 citations) Formamidinium iodide (FAI, (2 citations)

15 protocols using formamidinium iodide

1

Perovskite Film Preparation and Aging

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The 0.5 M perovskite solution was prepared by dissolving the powders methylammonium bromide (CH3NH3Br; Dyesol), formamidinium iodide (CH(NH2)2I; Sigma Aldrich), lead(II) iodide (PbI2; Sigma Aldrich) and lead bromide (PbBr2; Alfa Aesar) in a mixed solvent of N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF; Sigma Aldrich) and dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma Aldrich) at a volume ratio of 4:1. The spray deposition was conducted inside a custom-made chamber in a normal atmosphere. Nitrogen with a pressure of 2 bar was applied as a carrier gas, and the substrate was placed on a heating stage with a temperature of 100 °C. To obtain the defined dimensions, focused ion beam (FIB; Zeiss NVision 40) milling was carried out on the spray-cast perovskite film at a high milling current of 1.6 nA and high acceleration voltage of 30 kV (Ga+ ion source). Afterwards, the samples were stored at ambient conditions for around 30 days without special encapsulations to allow for moisture induced aging.
Li N., Pratap S., Körstgens V., Vema S., Song L., Liang S., Davydok A., Krywka C, & Müller-Buschbaum P. (2022). Mapping structure heterogeneities and visualizing moisture degradation of perovskite films with nano-focus WAXS. Nature Communications, 13, 6701.
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2

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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The following materials were used: formamidinium
iodide (Sigma, >99%), PbI2 (Sigma, 99%), phenylethylammonium
iodide (Greatcell Solar Materials), anhydrous dimethylformamide (99.8%,
Acros), dimethylsulfoxide (99.7%, Acros), acetone (99.6%, Acros),
chlorobenzene (99.8%, Acros), isopropanol (99.5%, Acros), and d5-FAI (Cortecnet, 85% CD deuterated, 90% ND2 deuterated). d4-FAI and d3-PEAI were prepared by dissolving in heavy
water (1:40 mol/mol ratio), followed by evaporation. This yielded
∼50 and ∼70% deuterium on the FAI and PEAI, respectively.
Mishra A., Hope M.A., Almalki M., Pfeifer L., Zakeeruddin S.M., Grätzel M, & Emsley L. (2022). Dynamic Nuclear Polarization Enables NMR of Surface Passivating Agents on Hybrid Perovskite Thin Films. Journal of the American Chemical Society, 144(33), 15175-15184.
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3

Synthesis of Perovskite Solar Cell Precursors

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Zinc acetate dehydrate (99.999%), aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (99.99%), methanol (anhydrous, 99.8%), potassium hydroxide (KOH, ≥85%), formamidinium iodide (FAI, anhydrous, ≥99%), methylammonium iodide (MAI, anhydrous, ≥99%), lead iodide (PbI2, 99.999%), lead iodide (PbBr2, 99.999%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, anhydrous, 99.9%), and N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, anhydrous, 99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
Khan F., Ahmad V., Alshahrani T., Balobaid A.S, & Alanazi A.M. (2023). Influence of Al doping in zinc oxide electron transport layer for the degradation triple-cation-based organometal halide perovskite solar cells. Heliyon, 9(5), e16069.
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4

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Lead (II) iodide (PbI2, 99.99%) was purchased from TCI America, while N,N dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), anhydrous ethanol, toluene, chlorobenzene, methylammonium bromide (MABr), lead (II) bromide (PbBr2), caesium iodide (CsI), methylammonium iodide (MAI, 99.9%), and formamidinium iodide (FAI, > 98%), tris(2-(1H-pyrazol-1-yl)-4-tert-butylpyridine)cobalt(III) tris-(bis(trifluoromethyl sulfonyl)imide) (FK209). were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-p-methoxyphenylamine)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (Spiro-OMeTAD) was obtained from Lumtec. Finally, fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) coated glass substrates (dimensions: 25 mm × 25 mm × 2.2 mm; sheet resistance: 7–8 Ω sq−1), were purchased from Zhuai Kaivo, China. All chemicals were used as received.
Kranthiraja K., Parashar M., Mehta R.K., Aryal S., Temsal M, & Kaul A.B. (2022). Stability and degradation in triple cation and methyl ammonium lead iodide perovskite solar cells mediated via Au and Ag electrodes. Scientific Reports, 12, 18574.
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5

Synthesis of Perovskite Precursors

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Formamidinium iodide (H2N=CHNH2I; FAI) and methylammonium bromide (CH3NH3Br; MABr) were synthesized according to the reported methods31 , and dried in a vacuum oven at 50 °C for 48 h. Lead iodide (PbI2, 99.999%), lead bromide (PbBr2, 99.999%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, ≥99.9%) and other materials were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used as received.
He M., Li B., Cui X., Jiang B., He Y., Chen Y., O’Neil D., Szymanski P., EI-Sayed M.A., Huang J, & Lin Z. (2017). Meniscus-assisted solution printing of large-grained perovskite films for high-efficiency solar cells. Nature Communications, 8, 16045.
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6

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Cesium iodide (CsI) (99.999%, Sigma-Aldrich), lead iodide (PbI2) (99.999%, Sigma-Aldrich) methyl ammonium bromide (Greatcellsolar), formamidinium iodide (Greatcellsolar), tin chloride dihydrate (SnCl2·2H2O), (99.99%, Sigma-Aldrich), 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis-(N,N-di-4-methoxyphenylamino)-9,9′-spirobifluorene (spiro-OMeTAD) (99% Lumtec), lithium bis(trifluoromethanesulfonyl)imide (Li-TFSI, Sigma-Aldrich), 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP) (96%, Sigma-Aldrich), chlorobenzene (99.9%, spectrophotometric grade) and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (99.7%, Sigma-Aldrich), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF) (99.8%, Sigma-Aldrich), anhydrous ethanol, FTO glass substrates, respectively.
Kulshreshtha C., Clement A., Pascher T., Sundström V, & Matyba P. (2020). Investigating ultrafast carrier dynamics in perovskite solar cells with an extended π-conjugated polymeric diketopyrrolopyrrole layer for hole transportation. RSC Advances, 10(11), 6618-6624.
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7

Synthetic Procedures for Organic Compounds

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3-aminopyrazole, 3-amino-5-phenylpyrazole, 9H-carbazole, ethyl phenylpropiolate, 4,4-dimethoxydiphenylamine, 1,3-diphenyl-1,3-propanedione, ethyl benzoylacetate, tri-tert-butylphosphine (P(t-Bu)3), palladium acetate (Pd(OAc)2), bis(pinacoloto)diboron, 1,1′-bis(diphenylphosphino)ferrocene]dichloropalladium(II) (Pd(dppf)Cl2), sodium hydride (NaH), N-bromosuccinimide (NBS), phosphorus(V) oxychloride (POCl3), benzyl bromide, potassium iodate (KIO3), sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), potassium iodide (KI), potassium tert-butoxide (t-BuOK), 1,4-dibromobenzene, N,N-dimethylaniline, potassium phosphate tribasic (K3PO4), copper(I) iodide (CuI), trans-1,2-diaminecyclohexane, potassium acetate (KoAC), Spiro-OMeTAD, formamidinium iodide (FAI), cesium iodide (CsI), lead iodide (PbI2), lead bromide (PbBr2), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), tin(IV) oxide (SnO2), magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), tetraethylammonium tetrafluoroborate (Et4NBF4), ferrocene, silica gel (SiO2), dichloromethane (DCM), chloroform (CHCl3), acetic acid (AcOH), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), 1,4-dioxane, tetrahydrofuran (THF), toluene and ethanol (EtOH) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, Alfa Aesar or Fluorochem and used as received without any further purification.
Bouihi F., Schmaltz B., Mathevet F., Kreher D., Faure-Vincent J., Yildirim C., Elhakmaoui A., Bouclé J., Akssira M., Tran-Van F, & Abarbri M. (2022). D-π-A-Type Pyrazolo[1,5-a]pyrimidine-Based Hole-Transporting Materials for Perovskite Solar Cells: Effect of the Functionalization Position. Materials, 15(22), 7992.
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8

Synthesis of Perovskite Materials

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Lead (II) bromide (PbBr2, 99.99%), Lead (II) iodide (PbI2, 99.99%), and Iron (III) chloride anhydrous (FeCl3, 98%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Cobalt (II) acetylacetonate (Co(C5H7O2)2, 99%), Octadecene (ODE, 90%), and titanium chloride (TiCl4, 99.9%) were obtained from AcrosOrganics. Oleylamine (OAm, 70%), Oleic acid (OAc, 90%), Methylammonium bromide (MABr), Formamidinium Iodide (FAI), Ni‐(NO3)2·6H2O (98%), C2H2O4·2H2O (99.5%), NaOH (96%), Dimethylformanmide (DMF, extra dry, 99%), Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, extra dry, 99%), 1, 2‐diChlorobenzene (DCB, extra dry, > 98%), Chlorobenzene (CB, extra dry, 99.8%), Isopropanol (extra dry, 99.8%), and other chemicals were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich.
Hu X., Liu C., Zhang Z., Jiang X., Garcia J., Sheehan C., Shui L., Priya S., Zhou G., Zhang S, & Wang K. (2020). 22% Efficiency Inverted Perovskite Photovoltaic Cell Using Cation‐Doped Brookite TiO2 Top Buffer. Advanced Science, 7(16), 2001285.
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9

Perovskite Materials Synthesis and Characterization

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Methylammonium bromide (MABr, 99.9%, Dyesol), methylammonium iodide (MAI, 99.9%, Dyesol), formamidinium bromide (FABr, 99.9%, Dyesol), formamidinium iodide (FAI, 99.9%, Dyesol), cesium bromide (CsBr, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%, metals basis), lead(ii) bromide (PbBr2, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%, metals basis), lead(ii) iodide (PbI2, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%, metals basis), octylamine (Aladdin, 99.5%), oleic acid (Aladdin, 99.5%), hexane (Sigma-Aldrich, 95%), toluene (Sigma-Aldrich, anhydrous, 99.8%), chlorobenzene (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9%).
, & Zhou S. (2021). Rapid separation and purification of lead halide perovskite quantum dots through differential centrifugation in nonpolar solvent. RSC Advances, 11(45), 28410-28419.
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10

Perovskite Solar Cell Fabrication

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Lead bromide (PbBr2, 99%), cesium iodide (CsI, 99%), methylammonium iodide (MAI, 99%), formamidinium iodide (FAI, >98%), 2,2′,7,7′-tetrakis[N,N-di(4-methoxyphenyl)amino]-9,9′-spirobifuorene (spiro-OMETAD, Sigma-Aldrich, 99%), lithium bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide (Li-TFSI, 99%), 4-tert-butylpyridine (TBP, 99%), and tris (2-(1H-pyrazol-1-1yl)-4-tert-butylpyridine) cobalt(iii) tri[bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonamide] (Co(iii) TFSI > 99.95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Lead iodide (PbI2, 99.99%) was purchased from Acros. Liquid detergent (Hellmanex) and titanium(iv) chloride (TiCl4) were purchased from Alfa Aesar. Fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates (sheet resistance: 12–15 Ω per sq.) were purchased from MSE supplies.
Adams G.R., Eze V.O., Carani L.B., Pino A., Jolowsky C, & Okoli O.I. (2020). Synergistic effect of the anti-solvent bath method and improved annealing conditions for high-quality triple cation perovskite thin films. RSC Advances, 10(31), 18139-18146.
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