The feed was milled through a 1-mm screen (Christy and Norris Hammer Mill, Chelmsford, England). The dry matter content was determined after drying overnight at 104 °C. Ash content was determined after ignition of a weighted sample in a muffle furnace at 550 °C for 6 h according to the AOAC.942.05 [37 ]. The gross energy content was determined using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr Instruments, Moline, IL, USA). Crude protein content was determined by measuring the nitrogen content of the feed samples using the LECO FP 528 instrument and the conversion factor of 6.25 according to the AOAC.990.03 [37 ]. The neutral detergent fibre content was determined according to the method of Van Soest et al. [44 (link)] and the crude fibre content according to the AOAC method [37 ]. The crude fat content of the diets was determined using light petroleum ether and Soxtec instrumentation (Tecator, Sweden) according to the AOAC.920.39 [37 ].
Adiabatic bomb calorimeter
Manufactured by Parr
Sourced in United States
An adiabatic bomb calorimeter is a laboratory instrument used to measure the heat of combustion of a substance. It operates on the principle of adiabatic calorimetry, where the system is designed to be thermally insulated from the surrounding environment. The sample is placed in a sealed steel bomb, which is then submerged in a water bath. The temperature change of the water bath is precisely measured, allowing the determination of the heat released or absorbed during the combustion process.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
K ybgl, by Megazyme (3 mentions)
Fp 528, by Leco (2 mentions)
Ankom220 fibre analyser, by ANKOM Technology (1 mentions)
Fp 528 instrument, by Leco (1 mentions)
L 8800, by Hitachi (1 mentions)
Muffle furnace, by Nabertherm (1 mentions)
Optima 4300dv icp spectrophotometer, by PerkinElmer (1 mentions)
Flash ea 1112, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Fp 628 analyser, by Leco (1 mentions)
24 protocols using adiabatic bomb calorimeter
1
Nutritional Characterization of Animal Feed
2
Nutritional Analysis of Experimental Diets
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Before the laboratory analyses, the diet and fecal composite samples were dried in a forced-air oven at 60 °C for 72 h, ground, and passed through a 1-mm sieve. The DM and organic matter (OM) contents were determined according to the procedures of the Official Methods of Analysis [24 ]. The neutral (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of the diet and stool samples were determined according to Van Soest et al. [31 (link)], heat-stable α-amylase was used for the NDF analyses of the diet and fecal samples. The gross energy (GE) content of the feces and feed was determined with an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr Instrument Company, Moline, IL, USA). The N content in the diet was determined according to the Kjeldahl method [24 ] and subsequently multiplied by a factor of 6.25 to obtain the protein content. The concentration of total phenols in the experimental herbs was determined with the Folin-Ciocalteu method, the tannin content was evaluated according to the polyvinylpolypyrrolidone method as described in Makkar et al. [23 (link)], and the condensed tannin content was assessed with the vanillin method as in Price et al. [32 (link)]. The chemical composition of the experimental diets and the polyphenol and tannin contents of the herbs are shown in Table 1 .
3
Proximate Analysis of Frozen Tissues
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Frozen tissue samples were used for all assays with the exception of energy determination. Freeze-dried tissues were analyzed for gross energy content using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr Instrument Co., Moline, IL). Fractions were analyzed for water, N, lipid, and ash. Duplicate 5-g samples were used for proximate analysis for water and fat using the procedures described by Novakofski et al. (1989) (link). Water content was determined by drying in an oven at 110°C for 24 h. Lipid content was then determined gravimetrically by extraction with a 4:1 solution of chloroform and methanol. Ash (AOAC International, 1995) was determined in each tissue sample by combustion at 500°C for 12 h using a box furnace (Lindberg/Blue, Asheville, NC). Nitrogen was determined using the Kjeldahl digestion procedure according to AOAC (1984) , and CP calculated as N × 6.25.
4
Comprehensive Nutrient Analysis of Livestock Feeds
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Samples were analyzed for nitrogen (N), DM, ash, gross energy (GE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), ether extract (EE), amino acids (AA), and AIA. Feed and fecal samples were ground in a Christy Norris mill through a 2 mm screen. Fecal samples from the two collection days (d43 and 44 of Exp. 1) were pooled into one sample per pen prior to analysis (n = 9/treatment). Liquid feed samples for proximate and AA analysis were pooled into one sample per treatment prior to analysis. DM (AOAC.934.01), ash (AOAC.942.05) and EE concentration (AOAC.920.39) were determined according to methods of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists (AOAC, 2005 ). The N content was determined using the LECO FP 528 instrument (Leco Instruments UK Ltd., Cheshire, UK) (AOAC.990.0). Crude protein (CP) was calculated as N × 6.25. The NDF content was determined according to the method of Van Soest et al. (1991) (link) using an Ankom 220 Fibre Analyser (Ankom Technology, Macedon, New York, USA). The concentration of AIA in dry diets was determined according to the method of McCarthy et al. (1977) (link) in order to measure the CATTD of nutrients using the AIA technique. GE was determined using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr Instruments, Moline, IL USA). AA determination was carried out using cation exchange HPLC as previously described by McDermott et al. (2016) (link) (AOAC 994.12).
5
Feedstuff Nutritional Composition Analysis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The nutritional composition, i.e., dry matter, crude fat, crude protein, crude fiber, crude ash, calcium, total phosphorus, and nitrogen-free extract, of the main feed ingredients (corn, LTS, and soybean meal) and experimental diets was determined in accordance with the guidelines provided by the AOAC (2007) . The estimation of crude protein content was done by determining the nitrogen content of samples and subsequently multiplying it by a factor of 6.25. The gross energy determination was performed using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr Instrument Company, Moline, IL). The calorimeter was calibrated using benzoic acid as the standard substance. The tannin content of corn, LTS, and soybean meal samples was determined according to the method described by Maxson and Rooney (1972) . Samples from both feedstuffs and diets were analyzed for their total amino acid profile using an automatic amino acid analyzer (L-8800, Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Before conducting the analysis, the samples were subjected to hydrolysis using a 6M hydrochloric acid solution at 110°C for 24 h. Performic acid oxidation was also performed to determine sulfur amino acids. The coefficients for amino acid digestibility and apparent metabolizable energy corrected for nitrogen (AMEn ) values of different feedstuffs were obtained from the AminoDat (2015) dataset.
6
Determination of Chemical Properties
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The feed samples were milled through a 1 mm screen (Christy and Norris Hammer Mill, Chelmsford, England) and retained for chemical analysis. The gross energy (GE) content was determined using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr Instruments, Moline, IL USA) as previously described28 (link). The dry matter (DM) content of the feed was determined after drying overnight at 104 °C. Feed samples were analysed for crude ash (AOAC method 942.0529 ) and nitrogen (N × 6.25; AOAC method 990.0329 ). All samples were measured in duplicate.
7
Comprehensive Feed Composition Analysis
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
The feed samples were milled through a 1 mm screen (Christy and Norris Hammer Mill, Ipswich, UK). The dry matter content of the feed was determined after drying overnight at 104 °C. Ash content was determined after ignition of a weighted sample in a muffle furnace (Nabertherm) at 550 °C for 6 h. The gross energy content was determined using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr Instruments, St, Moline, IL, USA). The nitrogen content was determined using the LECO FP 528 instrument (Leco Instruments, Stockport, UK Ltd.). The neutral-detergent fibre content was determined according to Van Soest, et al. [35 (link)] using the Ankom 220 Fibre Analyser (AnkomTM Technology, New York, NY, USA). The total glucans of the MP were determined using the kit K-YBGL, purchased from Megazyme (Bray, Co Wicklow, Ireland), following the manufacturer’s recommendations, and as previously described [36 (link)]. The selenium content was measured by Eurofins Food Testing UK Ltd. (Wolverhampton, United Kingdom) using the selenium in food method. All samples were measured in duplicate.
8
Fecal Analysis of Rat Metabolism
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Following terminal blood sampling in Experiment B, fecal samples were collected from the cages (two to three rats per cage), pooled, frozen, and stored at below −18°C. The dry matter of feces was measured gravimetrically after drying the fecal samples in an oven at 105°C for 16 h. The heat value of the dried samples was measured using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr Instruments, Moline, IL, USA).
9
Nutritional Analysis of Dairy Calf Feeds
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Feed intake (MR, starter, water, and corn silage) were measured daily. Samples of MR, starter, and corn silage were collected three times a week to obtain a weekly pool for nutritional analyses. Samples of starter and corn silage were oven-dried at 55°C for 72 h and ground in Wiley mill (model 3, Arthur H. Thomas Co., Philadelphia, PA) through a 1-mm screen before analysis. Starter, corn silage, and MR were analyzed to determine DM (Method 934.01), CP (Method 988.05), ether extract (Method 920.39), ash (Method 942.05), according to AOAC [39 ]. The concentrations of NDF and ADF were determined in sequence using the method described by Van Soest et al. [40 (link)]. Gross energy was determined using an adiabatic bomb calorimeter (Parr Instrument Company, Moline, IL).
10
Characterization of Malted Sorghum Sprouts
Check if the same lab product or an alternative is used in the 5 most similar protocols
+ Expand
Malted sorghum sprouts (MSP) was obtained commercially from a local brewery industry in Ogun State, Nigeria. This was dried (10-11% moisture content) prior to collection and included on DM basis in the experimental diets. Proximate composition (AOAC, 1990) , fibre fractions (Van Soest et al., 1991) , gross energy (Adiabatic bomb calorimeter, Parr Instrument Company, Moline, IL, USA) and tannin content (Hoff and Singleton, 1977) of MSP was determined according to standard procedures (Table 1). For Ca and P determination of MSP, samples were further dried in a hot air oven (105 o C for 8 h), milled to pass through 0.5 mm sieve and ignited at 400 o C for 4 h in a muffle furnace. The ash was treated with HNO 3 under mild heat (80 o C) and digested (15ml HNO 3 ). Analysis was done using the atomic absorption spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer Optima 4300DV ICP spectrophotometer, Beaconsfield, UK).
About PubCompare
Our mission is to provide scientists with the largest repository of trustworthy protocols and intelligent analytical tools, thereby offering them extensive information to design robust protocols aimed at minimizing the risk of failures.
We believe that the most crucial aspect is to grant scientists access to a wide range of reliable sources and new useful tools that surpass human capabilities.
However, we trust in allowing scientists to determine how to construct their own protocols based on this information, as they are the experts in their field.
Ready to get started?
Sign up for free.
Registration takes 20 seconds.
Available from any computer
No download required
Revolutionizing how scientists
search and build protocols!