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131 protocols using veleta

1

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Extracellular Vesicles

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One drop of sample solution (~25µl) was placed on 400 mesh holey film grids. After staining with 2% uranyl acetate (2 min) samples were observed with a Tecnai G2 (FEI) transmission electron microscope operating at 100 kV. Images were captured with a Veleta (Olympus Soft Imaging System) digital camera. For cell monolayer samples, seeded cells were washed in 1x HBSS and fixed in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich) in 0.1M Hepes buffer (4 °C, 1 h, pH 7.4). After three water washes, samples were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series and embedded in epoxy resin (Sigma-Aldrich). Ultrathin sections (60-70 nm) were obtained with an Ultrotome V (LKB) ultra-microtome, counterstained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate and viewed with a Tecnai G2 (FEI) transmission electron microscope. Images were captured with a Veleta (Olympus Soft Imaging System) digital camera. The mean ± SD EVs size was calculated using ImageJ software https://imagej.nih.gov/ on 100 particles chosen randomly in pictures from control and cytomix-treated samples.
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2

Ultrastructural Analysis of Unfertilized Ovules

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Unfertilized ovules were dissected from the pistils and fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde, 4% paraformaldehyde, and 50 mM sodium cacodylate (pH 7.4) at 4°C overnight. The tissue segments were washed in buffer and fixed in 2% aqueous osmium tetroxide for 6 h at 4°C. The tissue was then dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, transferred into propylene oxide, infiltrated, and embedded in Quetol 651. Series of thin sections (80 nm) were stained with 2% aqueous uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and examined at 80 kV under a JEOL JEM 1400 Plus electron microscope (JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Digital images were obtained using a CCD camera (VELETA; Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions, Tokyo, Japan).
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3

Characterizing Silver Nanoparticles by TEM

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We observed the shape of the AgNPs using a JEM-1400 plus transmission electron microscope (TEM, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Aqueous solutions of AgNPs (5 μg/mL) were dropped (~5 μL) on a copper grid, and then dried under ambient conditions. Resulting samples were imaged on the TEM attached to a CCD camera (Veleta, Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions GmbH).
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4

Immunoelectron Microscopy of Small EVs

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Small EVs isolated from RPE-1 cells were absorbed to formvar carbon coated nickel grids and immune-labelled with an anti-CD63 antibody (556019, BD Biosciences, NJ, USA), followed by 5 nM of a gold-labelled secondary antibody (British BioCell International Ltd., UK). The samples were fixed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer. The grids were placed in 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M phosphate buffer and dried, then stained with 2% uranyl acetate for 15 min and a Lead stain solution (Sigma-Aldrich). The samples were observed with a transmission electron microscope (JEM-1400Plus, JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at 80 kV. Digital images were obtained with a CCD camera (VELETA, Olympus Soft imaging solutions GmbH, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) [24 (link)].
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5

Negative Staining for TEM Imaging

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For negative staining, the samples were absorbed onto carbon-coated copper grids (400 mesh) and stained with 2% phosphor tungstic acid solution (pH 7.0) for 10 s. Observation and imaging was performed on the samples using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) (JEM-1400Plus; JEOL Ltd, Tokyo, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 80 kV. Digital images (2048 × 2048 pixels) were taken with a CCD camera (VELETA; Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany). All TEM experiments were conducted by Tokai Electron Microscopy, Inc. (Aichi, Japan).
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6

Ultrastructural Analysis of Plant Leaves

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Leaves were cut into small pieces and rapidly immersed in 0.05 M cacodylate buffer (pH 7.4) containing 2% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde at 4 °C overnight. After fixation, samples were rinsed 3 times with 0.05 M cacodylate buffer, followed by post-fixation with 2% osmium tetroxide in 0.05 M cacodylate buffer at 4 °C for 4 h. Samples were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series, infiltrated with propylene oxide, and finally embedded in Quetol-651 (Nisshin EM Co.). Ultrathin sections were cut with a diamond knife using an ultramicrotome (Ultracut UCT; Leica Microsystems), picked up on copper grids, and stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate. Sections were observed under a transmission electron microscope (JEM-1200EX; JEOL Ltd) at an acceleration voltage of 80 kV. Digital images were taken with a CCD camera (Veleta; Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions GmbH).
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7

Ultrastructural Examination of Skin Tissue

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Under inhalation anesthesia of 1.5 to 3% isoflurane, dorsal skin was obtained and fixed with 2% paraformaldehyde and 2% glutaraldehyde in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer, followed by 2% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M cacodylate buffer. Samples embedded in polymerized resins were sectioned at 70 nm, mounted on copper grids, and observed using a transmission microscope (JEM-1400 Plus; JOEL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 80kV. Images were captured with a CCD camera (VELETA; Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions GmbH, Munster, Germany).
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8

Ultrastructural Analysis of Vero E6 Cells

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A total of 5 × 105, 7.5 × 105 or 1.25 × 106 Vero E6 cells were plated in a high Grid-500 35 mm μ-Dish (IBIDI). Cells were infected at an MOI of 0.1, and after 24 h, cells were fixed for 1 h in 4.5% PFA and postfixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde (GA) overnight. Subsequently, cells were washed with PBS, postfixed for 30 min with 1% OsO4 in PBS, washed with ddH2O, and stained with 1% uranyl acetate in water. The samples were gradually dehydrated with ethanol and embedded in Epon resin (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany) for sectioning. Ultrathin 50 nm sections were prepared using an Ultracut Microtome (Leica Microsystems, Weitzlar, Germany). The sections were poststained with 1% uranyl acetate. Electron micrographs were obtained with a 2 K wide angle CCD camera (Veleta, Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany) attached to a FEI Tecnai G 20 Twin transmission electron microscope (FEI, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) at 80 kV.
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9

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Mouse Papillomas

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Papillomas were dissected from mice; cut into 1 mm3 cubes; fixed with 1% glutaraldehyde, 4% formaldehyde, and 0.1 M phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) for 12 hours at RT; post-fixed in 1% osmium tetroxide for 15 min; dehydrated in acetone; and embedded in Epon LX 112 (Ladd Research Industries). 80 nm sections were examined using a Tecnai G2 Spirit transmission electron microscope, and images were captured using Veleta or Quemesa CCD cameras (Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions). A total of six papillomas from different individuals, three per genotype, were analyzed using TEM.
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10

Transmission Electron Microscopy of Tissues

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Tissues were cut into small pieces (approximately 1 mm3), fixed, dehydrated, and embedded in Quetol 651 (Nisshin EM Co., Tokyo, Japan) as described previously [12 (link)]. Ultrathin sections were cut with a diamond knife on an ultramicrotome (Ultracut UCT, Leica Microsystems, Wetzlar, Germany). Sections were picked up on copper grids, stained with uranyl acetate and lead citrate, and observed under a transmission electron microscope (TEM) (JEM-1200EX; JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan) at an acceleration voltage of 80 kV. Digital images were taken with a CCD camera (Veleta; Olympus Soft Imaging Solutions GmbH, Münster, Germany).
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