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Anti β actin ac 15

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Japan, United Kingdom, Estonia

Anti-β-actin (AC-15) is a monoclonal antibody that specifically targets the beta-actin protein. Beta-actin is a highly conserved and abundant cytoskeletal protein found in eukaryotic cells. The antibody can be used as a control or reference marker in various laboratory techniques, such as Western blotting, immunohistochemistry, and immunocytochemistry, to detect and quantify the expression of beta-actin.

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112 protocols using anti β actin ac 15

1

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Targets

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Rabbit anti GAPDH (2275- PC- 100) (Trevinogen; Gaithersburg, Maryland, USA); rabbit anti-mouse CEBPα, (sc-61); goat anti-human PPARγ2, (sc-22022); mouse monoclonal (E-8) anti-human PPARγ1 (sc-7273) (Santa- Cruz, Heidelberg, Germany); rabbit monoclonal anti-human phospho-p44/42 MAPK (CST 4376); rabbit anti-human p44/42 MAPK (CST-9102); rabbit monoclonal (81E11) anti-human phospho-SAPK/JNK (CST 4668); rabbit anti-human SAPK/JNK (CST 9252); rabbit monoclonal (44D4) anti-human IκB (CST-4812),), rabbit monoclonal (93H1) anti-human phospho-p65 (Ser536) (CST 3033), rabbit monoclonal (C22B4) anti-human NF-κB p65 (CST 4764) (Cell Signaling, Frankfurt, Germany); rabbit anti-mouse KLF5 (07–1580, Millipore Merck, Darmstadt, Germany); rabbit anti-mouse Cox2 (Cayman 160126; Tallinn, Estonia) and mouse monoclonal (AC-15) anti-β- Actin, (A5441, Sigma).
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2

Syk Protein Detection in Neutrophils

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Neutrophils were lysed in Pierce radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific) containing protease inhibitors (cOmplete Mini; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN) and sodium orthovanadate (New England BioLabs, Ipswich, MA). Proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE under reduced conditions and transferred onto a polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane. Membranes were blocked in Tris-buffered saline–1% Tween (TBS-T)–5% nonfat milk. Total Syk protein was detected with rabbit MAb D3Z1E anti-Syk (Cell Signaling, Danvers, MA) (1:1,000). The blots were subsequently reacted with mouse MAb AC-15 anti-β-actin (Sigma, St, Louis, MO) (1:200,000) to verify equivalent loading levels.
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3

Western Blot Analysis of NCF1 Protein

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Neutrophils were lysed in reducing agent (NuPAGE® Sample Reducing Agent, ThermoFisher) and sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) sample buffer (4× Laemmli Sample Buffer, BioRad). Proteins were resolved by SDS-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis under reduced conditions and transferred onto a polyvinylidene difluoride membrane. Membranes were blocked in PBS–1% Tween with 5% nonfat milk. Total NCF1 protein was detected with p47 phox (NCF1) D-10 (1:250; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX). The blots were subsequently reacted with mouse monoclonal antibody AC-15 anti–β-actin (1:200,000; Sigma, St. Louis, MO).
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4

Analyzing Neutrophil Signaling Pathways

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Mouse neutrophils were incubated in a microcentrifuge tube at 2.5e6 per mL in cRPMI along with LPS (400 ng/mL) and/or HK C. albicans hyphae at a ratio of 10:1 [pathogen to neutrophils] for 40 minutes at 37°C, 5% CO2. Cells were then collected and lysed with Laemmli sample Buffer (Bio-Rad; Hercules, CA) containing protease inhibitors (cOmplete Mini; Roche Diagnostics, Indianapolis, IN), reducing agent (NuPAGE Sample Reducing Agent; Thermo Fisher) and phosphatase inhibitors (sodium orthovanadate; New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA). Proteins were resolved by SDS-PAGE, transferred onto polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane, which were blocked with PBS-0.1% Tween (PBS-T)-5% bovine serum albumin (Sigma-Aldrich). Phosphorylated c-Fos levels were probed using rabbit mAb D82C12 anti-phospho-c-Fos (Cell Signaling; Danvers, MA) (1:1,000) and total c-Fos levels were probed using rabbit mAb 9F6 anti-c-Fos (Cell Signaling). For β-actin, mouse mAb AC-15 anti-β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich) (1:200,000) was used to confirm equal loading.
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5

Western Blot Protein Analysis

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Proteins were extracted with radioimmuno-precipitation assay lysis buffer (50 mM Tris/HCl, pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 1 % Nonidet P-40, 0.5 % Na deoxycholate, 1 mM EDTA), protease inhibitor (30 μg/mL) (Roche Diagnostics, Meylan, France). After sonication, protein concentrations were determined using the BioRad Protein assay (Biorad, Marnes-la-Coquette, France) according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Each sample was subjected to SDS-PAGE and then transferred onto Hybond TM-P polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (GE Healthcare, Amersham, England) which were blocked with 5% nonfat milk overnight at 4°C under constant shaking. Membranes were then incubated with primary antibodies (see below), washed and incubated with anti-mouse or anti-rabbit immunoglobulin antibodies conjugated with horseradish-peroxydase. The following primary antibodies were used for this study: 2E3F8 anti-E6HPV16 (Euromedex, Souffelweyersheim, France); DO7 anti-p53 (BD Biosciences, Le Pont de Claix, France); ABE135 anti-Sp1 (Millipore, Saint-Quentin-en-Yvelines, France) and AC15 anti-βactin (Sigma-Aldrich) antibodies. The immune complexes were revealed by chemiluminescence with Pierce ECL2 Western blotting Substrate (Thermo Scientific) using ChemiDoc XRS+ with image lab software (Biorad).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of Apoptosis Markers

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Whole-cell lysates were generated by the addition of 2× Laemmli buffer containing 10% β-mercaptoethanol to the cell pellets. Cell lysates were separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Bio-Rad). Membranes were blotted with the following antibodies: anti-caspase-8 (1C12; Cell Signaling), anti-caspase-3 (8G10; Cell Signaling), anti-PCNA (D3H8P; Cell Signaling), and anti-β-actin (AC-15; Sigma-Aldrich). Peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies were used (BioLegend). Membranes were developed using enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL) (Thermo Scientific) and detected using a Nikon camera as previously described (82 (link)). Quantification analysis of blots was performed using ImageJ, and the β-actin signal was used as a control for normalization. Values are expressed as a percentage of the normalized signal from the mock-infected group.
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Cell and Tissue Lysates

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Western blot analysis of cell lysates and skin tissue lysates was performed as previously described (Roh et al. 2021 (link)) using the following antibodies: anti-COL1A1 (3G3) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology), anti-phospho-Smad2/3 (D27F4) (#8828), anti-Smad2/3 (D7G7) (#8685), anti-phospho-AKT (ser473) (#4060), anti-phospho-AKT (thr308) (#2965), anti-AKT (pan) (#4691), anti-GAPDH (#2118) (Cell Signaling Technology), anti-β-actin (AC-15) (Sigma-Aldrich), and anti-α-SMA (MAB1420) (R&D Systems).
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8

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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Snap-frozen cells were homogenized in lysis buffer (50 mM TRIS-HCl pH 7.6, 250 mM NaCl, 5 mM EDTA, 0.1% Triton X-100) containing complete protease inhibitor cocktail and PhosSTOP phosphatase inhibitor (Roche, Mannheim, Germany) by sonication. Immunoblotting was performed as previously described [20] (link). Antibodies were used at 1:1.000 dilution, except antibodies against p-AKT and p-RPS6 (1:2.000); β-Actin (1:10.000). Luminescent signals were detected with the digital gel documentation system Stella3200 (Raytest, Straubenhardt, Germany) and quantified using ImageJ 152-win-java8 software (National Institutes of Health, USA). Antibodies to detect PARP1 (46D11, #9532), MCL-1 (D35A5, #5453), BIM (#2819), AKT (C67E7, #4691), p-AKT (S473, D9E, #4060), ERK1/2 (137F5, #4695), p-ERK1/2 (T202/204, #4370), PRAS40 (D23C7, #2691), p-PRAS40 (T246, #2997), RPS6 (5G10, #2217), p-RPS6 (S235/236, #4858) were from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-β-Actin (AC-15) was from Sigma-Aldrich (München, Germany).
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Lamin A/C

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Cells were washed with 1x PBS and homogenized in RIPA lysis buffer containing 100 mM Tris pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl, 10 mM EDTA pH 8, 1% sodium deoxycholate, 1% Triton X-100 and 0.1% SDS, supplemented with protease inhibitor cocktail (cOmplete, EDTA-free, Roche), and phosphatase inhibitors (PhosSTOP, Roche). Protein concentration was determined with the Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit and 30 µg per lane were loaded onto 8% SDS-polyacrylamide gels. Gels were then transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, blocked with 5% nonfat dry milk in TBS-T buffer (20 mM Tris pH 7.4, 150 mM NaCl and 0.05% Tween 20) and incubated overnight at 4 ºC with primary antibodies: 1:500 mouse monoclonal anti-lamin A/C (MANLAC1, provided by G. Morris) for experiments involving mouse cells, 1:1,000 rabbit polyclonal anti-lamin A/C (sc-20681, Santa Cruz Biotechnology) for experiments involving human cells or 1:10,000 anti-β-actin (AC-15, Sigma) as an endogenous control. Finally, blots were incubated with 1:10,000 goat anti-mouse (Jackson ImmunoResearch) or 1:3,000 goat anti-rabbit horseradish peroxidase (HRP) (Cell Signalling) in 1.5% nonfat dry milk in TBS-T and washed with TBS-T. Immunoreactive bands were developed with Immobilon Western chemiluminescent HRP substrate (Millipore) in a LAS-3000 Imaging System (Fujifilm). Bands were quantified using ImageJ.
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10

Antibody Immunoblotting Protocol

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Monoclonal anti-SREBP-1 (2A4), anti-SCAP (9D5), and anti-HSP90 (F-8) antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz (Dallas, TX, USA). Monoclonal anti-FLAG (M2) and anti-β-actin (AC-15) antibodies were purchased from Sigma (St Louis, MO, USA). Monoclonal anti-HA (16B12) antibody was purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). The polyclonal anti-SREBP-2 (RS004) antibody has been previously described46 (link). Peroxidase-conjugated affinity-purified donkey anti-mouse IgGs and peroxidase-conjugated affinity-purified donkey anti-rabbit IgGs were purchased from Jackson ImmunoResearch Laboratories (West Grove, PA, USA).
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