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6 protocols using sodium carbonate

1

Antioxidant Compound Extraction Protocol

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Methanol was obtained from Wako Pure Chemicals Industries, Ltd. (Osaka, Japan); acetone and sodium carbonate from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc. (Tokyo, Japan); and Folin & Ciocalteu's phenol reagent, gallic acid, (±)‐6‐hydroxy‐2,5,7,8‐tetramethyl‐chromane‐2‐carboxylic acid (Trolox), and 2,2‐Diphenyl‐1‐picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) reagent from Sigma‐Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Food materials were purchased locally.
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of Pyrazine Derivatives

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Acetic acid (purity: > 99%), arginine, 2-hydroxy-3-methyl-2-cyclopentenone (purity: > 98%), diethyl ether, d-glucose, lysine, glycine, pentane, methylpyrazine (purity: > 99%), and sodium carbonate were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co. (Tokyo, Japan). 2,3-Dimethylpyrazine (purity: > 95%), DMHF (purity: > 98%), methyldecanoate (purity: > 98%), and 2,3,5-trimetylpyrazine (purity: > 98%) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co. (Tokyo, Japan).
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3

Cordycepin-Based Antioxidant Assessment

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Cordycepin, proline, Folin-Ciocalteu’s phenol, ninhydrin, glacial acetic acid, thiobarbituric acid (TBA), tricholoroacetic acid (TCA), toluene and sulfosalicylic acid were bought from Sigma-Aldrich Japan K.K., Tokyo, Japan. Ethyl acetate, methanol, and methanol plus were provided from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. Hexane, chloroform, acetone, sodium carbonate and aluminum (III) chloride hexahydrate were obtained by Kanto Chemical Co. Inc., Tokyo, Japan.
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4

Bioactive Compound Extraction and Evaluation

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Extraction solvents including methanol, hexane, ethyl acetate, and butanol were purchased from Junsei Chemical Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan. Standards including gallic acid, rutin, butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT), kojic acid were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan. Palmitic acid was obtained from FUJIFILM Wako Pure Chemical Corporation.
Chemicals including sodium hypochlorite (NaClO), Folin-Ciocalteu’s reagent, sodium carbonate (Na2CO3), aluminum chloride (AlCl3), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), sodium acetate (CH3COONa), β-carotene, chloroform, linoleic acid, tween 40, dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4), monopotassium phosphate (KH2PO4), potassium ferricyanide (K3[Fe(CN)6]), trichloro acetic acid (CCl3COOH), ferric chloride (FeCl3), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), monosodium phosphate (NaH2PO4), sodium chloride (NaCl), hydrochloric acid (HCl) were obtained from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., Tokyo, Japan. While tyrosinase, L-tyrosine, α-amylase, starch, iodine, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazolyl)2,5-diphenyl-tetrazolium bromide (MTT), Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s Medium (IMDM), and cell lysis buffer were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA.
K562 and Meg-01 cell lines were obtained from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC), Virginia, United States.
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5

Synthesis of Fluorinated Amine Derivatives

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2,2-Bis(4-aminophenyl)hexafluoropropane (>98.0%), 4-chlorobenzyl bromide (>95.0%), phenylacetonitrile (>98.0%), sodium hydride (60% dispersion in paraffin liquid), tetrahydrofuran anhydrous (stabilized with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, >99.5%), diethyl ether anhydrous (stabilized with 2,6-di-tert-butyl-4-methylphenol, >99.5%), cesium carbonate (>98.0%), iodomethane (>98.5%), and 2,2′-bipyridyl (bpy, >99%) were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry Co., Ltd, and used as received. Hydrochloric acid (35.0–37.0%), potassium hydroxide (>86%), sodium chloride (99%), sodium carbonate (>99.8%), sodium thiosulfate (>99.0%), sodium nitrate (>99%), sodium hydrogen carbonate (>99.5%), sodium nitrite (>98.5%), silver nitrate aq. (0.01 M), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, >99%), bis(1,5-cyclooctadiene)nickel(0) (Ni(COD)2, 95%), N,N-dimethylacetamide (>99%), hexane (>96%), dichloromethane (DCM, >99.5%), silica gel N60 (spherical, neutral, 100–210 μm), sodium sulfate (>98.5%), magnesium sulfate, anhydrous (>95.0%), diethyl ether (>99.0%) and lithium aluminum hydride (LAH, >92.0%) were purchased from Kanto Chemical Co., Inc., and used as received. Dimethylsulfoxide-d6 with 0.03% TMS (DMSO-d6, Acros Organics) and chloroform-d1 (CDCl3, Acros Organics) were used as received.
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6

Organic Solvent Synthesis of Nanoparticles

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Calcium chloride (CaCl 2 ), sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 ), 5 wt% aqueous sodium hypochlorite (NaClO) solution, tetrahydrofran (THF) and HPLC-grade methanol were purchased from Kanto Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). Toluene, acetone, potassium hydroxide (KOH), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), oleic acid, sodium tetraborate decahydrate (Na 2 B 4 O 7 Á10H 2 O), sodium hydroxide (NaOH), naphthalene and clomipramine hydrochloride were purchased from Wako Pure Chemical (Osaka, Japan). Poly(sodium 4-sulfonate) (PSS, M w : B70 000) and poly(maleic anhydride-alt-1-octadecene) (PMAO, M n : 30 000-50 000) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Benzene, methylbenzene, ethylbenzene, amylbenzene, butylbenzene, hexylbenzene, heptylbenzene, n-octylbenzene, nonylbenzene, decylbenzene and imipramine hydrochloride were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). A 3 mm fully porous ODS silica gel (CHEMCOSORB 3-ODS-L) was purchased from Chemco Scientific (Osaka, Japan). Porcine whole blood with 0.3 wt% citric acid was purchased from Tokyo Shibaura Zouki CO (Tokyo, Japan). Ultrapure water (18.2 MO cm) was obtained from a PURELAB flex water purification system (ELGA, Veolia Water, Marlow, U.K.).
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