4 dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

Manufactured by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany

4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde is a chemical compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a yellow crystalline solid with a characteristic odor. The core function of this product is to serve as a reagent for the detection and quantification of certain substances through colorimetric analysis. However, a detailed description of its intended use should be provided by technical experts to maintain an unbiased and factual approach.

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4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC), (8 citations) 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMACA) (7 citations)

13 protocols using 4 dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde

Comprehensive Analytical Methods for Plant Phenolics

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Ethanol, hydrochloric acid (37%), and acetone of HPLC grade were purchased from Scharlab Chemie (Barcelona, Spain). Gallic acid, Folin-Ciocalteu reagent, epicatechin, vanillin, poly ethylene glycol (8000 Da), poly ethylene glycol (4000 Da), twin20 (1228 Da), ethylene glycol (62 Da), dextran (50,000 Da), iron(III) chloride, sodium carbonate, hydrogen peroxide, 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl-chromane-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), potassium persulfate, 2,2’-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) and diammonium salt (ABTS)were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). Sodium dihydrogen phosphate dihydrate and dipotassium hydrogen phosphate were obtained from Merck (Hesse, Darmstadt, Germany).
MEthanol (99.99%), formic acid, acetonitrile, and butanol of HPLC grade were supplied by Fisher Scientific (Midlands, Leicestershire, UK). Ultrapure water (18.2 MΩ/cm) was obtained from a Millipore system (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). Promod 439 L^TM enzyme was a kind donation of Biocatalysts Ltd. (Wales, Cardiff, UK).

Domínguez-Rodríguez G., García M.C., Marina M.L, & Plaza M. (2021). Pressurized Liquid Extraction Combined with Enzymatic-Assisted Extraction to Obtain Bioactive Non-Extractable Polyphenols from Sweet Cherry (Prunus avium L.) Pomace. Nutrients, 13(9), 3242.

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Bioactivity Assay Protocol for Natural Compounds

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4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (DMAC), diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH), 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS), and propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich, USA. 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was purchased from HiMedia Laboratories Pvt. Ltd., France. Gallic acid was purchased from Loba Chemie Pvt. Ltd., India, (+) catechin from Natural Remedies Pvt. Ltd, India, and procyanidin B2 from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, USA. Doxorubicin hydrochloride API was a generous gift from Veeda Clinical Research Pvt. Ltd., India. Cell culture media and reagents were purchased from Genetix Biotech Asia Pvt. Ltd., India. P-gp monoclonal antibody (clone UIC2) and IgG2a isotype control, conjugated with fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), were purchased from Abcam, UK. All the other analytical chemicals and solvents were purchased from Fisher Scientific, USA.

Taparia S, & Khanna A. (2016). Effect of Procyanidin-rich Extract from Natural Cocoa Powder on Cellular Viability, Cell Cycle Progression, and Chemoresistance in Human Epithelial Ovarian Carcinoma Cell Lines. Pharmacognosy Magazine, 12(Suppl 2), S109-S115.

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Extraction and Antimicrobial Evaluation of Jatropha curcas Seed Cake

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Jatropha curcas seed cake was obtained from Instituto Fazenda Tamanduá (Paraíba, Brazil), grounded in a coffee grinder and passed through a 1-mm-mesh screen. The resulting flour was treated with n-hexane (1:5, m/v) to remove the remaining oil left after biodiesel extraction. Defatted flour was stored in air-tight containers at 4°C until analysis. The bacteria Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar choleraesuis (ATCC 10708), Bacillus subtilis subspecies spizizenii (ATCC 6633), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 25619), and Staphylococcus aureus (ATCC 25923) were obtained from the Department of Biology (UFC), Fortaleza, Brazil. Swiss mice (Mus musculus), 20–25 g, were from the animal house at UFC. Azocasein, bovine pancreatic trypsin, bovine pancreatic chymotrypsin, bovine serum albumin (BSA), soybean trypsin inhibitor (SBTI), Nα-benzoyl-D,L-arginina-p-naftilamida (BANA), 4-(dimethylamino)cinnamaldehyde (DMACA), ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride (PMSF), L-cysteine and Nα-benzoyl-D,L-arginine 4-nitroanilide hydrochloride (BAPNA), sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS), molar mass markers, acrylamide, bis-acrylamide, dithiothreitol (DTT) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Chromatographic matrixes were from GE Healthcare. All other chemicals and reagents used were of analytical grade.

Costa H.P., Oliveira J.T., Sousa D.O., Morais J.K., Moreno F.B., Monteiro-Moreira A.C., Viegas R.A, & Vasconcelos I.M. (2014). JcTI-I: a novel trypsin inhibitor from Jatropha curcas seed cake with potential for bacterial infection treatment. Frontiers in Microbiology, 5, 5.

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Comprehensive Biochemical Assay Protocol

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Alpha-amylase from human salivary, alpha-glucosidase (1 unit/mL, Sigma), the ACE solution from rabbit lung, 2,2′-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid sulfonic acid) (ABTS^·+), dibutylphthalate polystyrene xylene (DPX), 4-dimethylamino cinnamaldehyde (DMACA), 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric chloride, hippuroyl-His-Leu hydrate, 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), Melanin from Sepiaofficinalis, p-nitrophenyl alpha-d-glucopyranoside (pNPG), phosphate buffer, potassium ferricyanide, potassium permanganate, potassium persulfate, potassium phosphate buffer, sodium borate buffer, sodium carbonate, sodium hydroxide, sodium potassium tartrate, starch, and xylene were from Sigma Chemical Company (St. Louis, Missouri, USA). Analytical-grade acetic acid, acetone, chloroform, ethanol, ethyl acetate, hydrochloric acid, hydrogen peroxide, and methanol were from Honeywell (Seelze, Hanover, Germany).

Alam M.Z., Ramachandran T., Antony A., Hamed F., Ayyash M, & Kamal-Eldin A. (2022). Melanin is a plenteous bioactive phenolic compound in date fruits (Phoenix dactylifera L.). Scientific Reports, 12, 6614.

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Identification of Polyphenol Compounds

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All the chemicals used in the experiments were of an analytical grade. Cyanidin chloride, cyanidin-3-galactoside, cyanidin-3-glucoside, cyanidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin chloride, peonidin-3-arabinoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-galactoside, myricetin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin chloride, malvidin-3-arabinoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside (Extrasynthese, Genay, France), quercetin-3-O-glucoside (Biochemistry, Buchs, Switzerland), quercetin-3-galactoside, quercetin (Carl Roth, Karlsruhe, Germany), myricetin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, quercetin-3-α-l-arabinofuranoside, quercetin-3-α-l-arabinopyranoside, oleanolic acid, ursolic acid, α-Amyrin, β-Amyrin, corosolic acid, and maslinic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) were used as standards for the identification of the compounds. Acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid, and 4-(Dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Ethanol 96% (v/v) was purchased from AB Stumbras (Kaunas, Lithuania). Formic acid was bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).

Šedbarė R., Grigaitė O, & Janulis V. (2023). Peculiarities of the Variation of Biologically Active Compounds in Fruit of Vaccinium oxycoccos L. Growing in the Čepkeliai State Strict Nature Reserve. Molecules, 28(15), 5888.

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Phytochemical Analysis of Medicinal Plants

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All solvents, reagents, and standards were of analytical reagent grade. Acetone, methanol, acetonitrile, hydrochloric acid, 4-(Dimethylamino) cinnamaldehyde and reference standarts for β-Amyrin, maslinic acid, oleanolic acid, corosolic acid, ursolic acid, α-Amyrin, quercetin-3-rhamnoside, myricetin, quercetin-3-α-L-arabinopyranoside and quercetin-3-α-L-arabinofuranoside were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Ethanol 96% (v/v) was purchased from AB Stumbras (Kaunas, Lithuania), formic acid was bought from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany), and Trolox (6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid) was purchased from Scharlau (Sentmenat, Spain). Reference standards for myricetin-3-galactoside, cyanidin chloride, peonidin chloride, malvidin-3-galactoside, malvidin-3-arabinoside, malvidin chloride, peonidin-3-arabinoside, cyaniding-3-galactoside, delphinidin-3-galactoside, peonidin-3-glucoside, peonidin-3-galactoside, cyaniding-3-glucoside and cyaniding-3-arabinoside were purchased from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Standards for quercetin and quercetin-3-galactoside were purchased from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). The standard for quercetin-3-O-glucoside was bought from Biochemistry (Buchs, Switzerland). Purified deionized water was provided using a water purification system (Milli-Q^®, Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA).

Šedbarė R., Jakštāne G, & Janulis V. (2023). Phytochemical Composition of the Fruit of Large Cranberry (Vaccinium macrocarpon Aiton) Cultivars Grown in the Collection of the National Botanic Garden of Latvia. Plants, 12(4), 771.

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Analytical Standards for Organic Compounds

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Ethanol, butanol, and mEthanol were of analytical grade (purity ≥ 99%) and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Milan, Italy). The chemicals used, that include hydrochloric acid, formic acid, potassium bisulphite, potassium metabisulphite, 4-(dimethylamino)-cinnamaldehyde, malvidin-3-glucoside and (+)-catechin, were of analytical grade and purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (Milan, Italy).

Celotti E., Stante S., Ferraretto P., Román T., Nicolini G, & Natolino A. (2020). High Power Ultrasound Treatments of Red Young Wines: Effect on Anthocyanins and Phenolic Stability Indices. Foods, 9(10), 1344.

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Cinnamaldehyde Derivatives: Antibacterial Potential

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Trans-cinnamaldehyde (99%) and 10 of its derivatives: cinnamaldehyde oxime (95%), α-methylcinnamaldehyde (95%), 2-methoxycinnamaldehyde (95%), 2-nitrocinnamaldehyde (98%), 4-bromocinnamaldehyde (95%), 4-methoxycinnamaldehyde (95%), 4-nitrocinnamaldehyde (95%), 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (98%), 4-fluorocinnamaldehyde (97%), and 4-chlorocinnamaldehyde (95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) or Combi-Blocks (San Diego, CA, USA). Their molecular weights and chemical structures are given in Table 1. Stocks of 100 mg/ml were prepared in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and kept at −20°C until required. A total of 0.1% (v/v) DMSO was used as the control for antibacterial and biofilm experiments; at this concentration DMSO did not effect on bacterial growth or biofilm formation.

Ahmed B., Jailani A., Lee J.H, & Lee J. (2022). Inhibition of growth, biofilm formation, virulence, and surface attachment of Agrobacterium tumefaciens by cinnamaldehyde derivatives. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13, 1001865.

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Comprehensive Phytochemical Analysis of Apple Fibers

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Apple fibers were obtained from Biesterfeld AG (Zagreb, Croatia). 2,2′-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), 4-(dimethylamino)-cinnamaldehyde (DMAC), trolox, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), rutin, quercetin, phloretin, phlorizin, chlorogenic, caffeic, p-coumaric, gallic, ellagic acids, myrtenol and α-amylase (from the porcine pancreas) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Potassium persulfate, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent and sodium carbonate were purchased from Kemika (Zagreb, Croatia). Neocuproine, 2,4,6-tri(2-pyridyl)-s-triazine (TPTZ) and copper (II) chloride were bought from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium). Methanol (HPLC grade) was from J.T. Baker (Deventer, Netherlands) and orthophosphoric acid (HPLC grade > 85%) was from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, UK). Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, sodium acetate, ethanol, ammonium acetate and starch were bought from Gram-mol (Zagreb, Croatia). Cyanidin 3-glucoside was from Extrasynthese (Genay, France) and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid from Alfa Aesar (Kandel, Germany).

Buljeta I., Nosić M., Pichler A., Ivić I., Šimunović J, & Kopjar M. (2022). Apple Fibers as Carriers of Blackberry Juice Polyphenols: Development of Natural Functional Food Additives. Molecules, 27(9), 3029.

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Colorimetric Assay of Antioxidants

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The main chemicals used in this study included Coomassie brilliant blue G250 (AR, Solarbio, Beijing, China), bovine serum albumin (AR, Solarbio, Beijing, China), ascorbic acid (AR, Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd, Shanghai, China), acetone (AR, Xilong Scientific, Guangdong, China), quercetin (standard products, Solarbio, Beijing, China), gallic acid (standard products, Solarbio, Beijing, China), 4-dimethylaminocinnamaldehyde (standard products, Sigma, MO, USA), Procyanidin B2 (standard products, Sigma, MO, USA), 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl-hydrazyl (BR, TCI, Tokyo, Japan).

Zhang Y., Li S., Deng M., Gui R., Liu Y., Chen X., Lin Y., Li M., Wang Y., He W., Chen Q., Zhang Y., Luo Y., Wang X, & Tang H. (2022). Blue light combined with salicylic acid treatment maintained the postharvest quality of strawberry fruit during refrigerated storage. Food Chemistry: X, 15, 100384.

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