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8 protocols using meglumine

1

Carbohydrate Compound Sourcing and Preparation

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D-Mannosamine hydrochloride was obtained from Sigma (M4670) or Spectrum Chemical MFG Corp (M3220). 1-Amino-1-deoxy-D-Fructose hydrochloride (D-isoglucosamine) (803278), D-(+)-Galactosamine (1287722), D-(+)-Glucosamine (1294207), N-acetyl-Mannosamine (A8176), N-acetyl-galactosamine (A2795), N-Acetyl-Glucosamine (A8625), Meglumine (M9179), Muramic acid (M2503), N-Acetylneuraminic acid (A2388), D-(+)-Glucose (D9434), D-(+)-Mannose (1375182), Meglumine (M9179), Tunicamycin from Streptomyces sp. (T7765) and SP600125 (S5567) were obtained from Sigma. Hypure cell culture grade water used to dissolve compounds (endotoxin < 0.005 EU/ml) was obtained from Hyclone. Axitinib was obtained from Santa Cruz (SC-217679). Tauroursodeoxycholic acid (TUDCA) was from Calbiochem (1180-95-6) and 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA) (P21005), Castanospermine (Cas, C3784), Kifunensine (K1140), and DMSO (D2650) were from Sigma. DMSO (D2650) was used as a solvent for Cas.
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2

Favipiravir Dosing Regimen Evaluation

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Favipiravir was generously provided by the FUJIFILM Toyama Chemical Co. Ltd. Vehicle was United States Pharmacopeia grade meglumine (Sigma) solution at 74.6 mg/mL in sterile water (Gibco). Favipiravir was dissolved in vehicle at 60 mg/mL. For the once daily-treatment regimen, a loading dose of 300 mg/kg favipiravir was administered IV 24 HPI and thereafter 300 mg/kg was administered SC every 24 h. For the twice-daily regimen, a loading dose of 300 mg/kg was given 24 HPI IV and thereafter 150 mg/kg was administered SC every 12 h. Placebo treated animals received similar injections of meglumine vehicle alone. The pH of the meglumine-alone solution was adjusted to physiologic pH with hydrochloric acid (Sigma). Treatment appeared to be well tolerated with no overt adverse events attributable to the treatment.
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3

Formulation of Aqueous Biopolymer Solutions

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Carboxymethylcellulose sodium salt (low viscosity), urea, meglumine, TRIS, L-lysine, L-aspartic acid, and L-histidine were bought from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Purified water, which was used for the solvent evaporation, was taken from a MilliQ Millipore filter system (Millipore Co., Bedford, MA, USA).
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4

Detailed Characterization of Chelating Agents

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Unless otherwise stated, all reagents were used without further purification. Xylenol orange, meglumine, L-(+)-lactic acid, sodium acetate, oxidized (GSSG) and reduced (GSH) glutathione, GdCl3 and DTPA were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. DOTA, and Gd-DOTA were purchased from Macrocyclics. All oligonucleotides were purchased from IDTDNA. Modified oligonucleotides (biotinylated, fluorescein and dabcyl tagged) are ordered purified via reverse-phase HPLC. D-glucose monohydrate, HEPES, Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, NaHCO3, NaCl, KCl, HCl, NaOH, MnCl2.4H2O, CaCl2, NiCl2.6H2O were obtained from Fisher Chemical. FeCl2.4H2O, CuCl, CuCl2.2H2O, FeCl3, MgCl2, ZnCl2, CrCl3 from Acros Organics, CoCl2.6H2O from Spectrum Chemicals, Na2CO3.H2O from JT Baker, and NaHSO4.H2O from Alfa Aesar. Magnevist® (Bayer) and Ablavar® (Lantheus Medical Imaging) were kindly donated by the University of California San Francisco Department of Radiology and Biomedical Imaging.
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5

Liposomal Bortezomib Formulation and Characterization

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(1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine) (DSPC) 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-[methoxy(polyethylene glycol)-2000] (ammonium salt) (mPEG2000-DSPE) and cholesterol were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Bortezomib (BTZ) was purchased from LC Laboratories (Woburn, MA, USA). Tiron, meglumine, mannitol, and glucose were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Sepharose CL-4B matrix was purchased from GE Life Sciences (Marlborough, MA, USA). NCI-H929, OPM-2, and Hepa1-6 cells were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, USA). RPMI-1640, DMEM, fetal bovine serum, and penicillin-streptomycin solution were purchased from Gibco/ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
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6

Embryo Fixation and Imaging Protocol

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Embryos were dissected in FHM medium (95 mM NaCl; 2.5 mM KCl; 0.35 mM KH2PO4; 0.2 mM MgSO4.7H2O; 10 mM Na lactate; 0.2 mM Na pyruvate; 0.2 mM Glucose; 1.0 mM Glutamine; 0.01 mM EDTA; 4.0 mM NaHCO3; 1.71 mM CaCl2.2H2O; 20 mM HEPES; pH adjusted to pH 7.4; after which 1 g/L BSA and 1x Pen/strep (Cat# GIBCO 15140148) were added).
For imaging with the light sheet MuVi SPIM, embryos were fixed in PBS with 4% PFA (ThermoScientific, Cat# 28908) for 10 min at room temperature (short fixation time to reduce background), mounted in 2% LMP agarose (Thermo Scientific, Cat# R0801) in PBS, and imaged immediately.
For imaging with the light sheet UltraMicroscope or OPT, embryos were fixed in PBS with 4% PFA overnight at 4 °C. They were cleared in UBAS-M (25 wt% Meglumine (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# M9179), 25 wt% Urea (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# 15604), 20 wt% 1,3-Dimethyl-2-imidazolidinone (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# 40727), and 0.2 wt% Triton X-100 (Sigma-Aldrich, Cat# 10789704001)) [43 (link)] in 50 ml per embryo overnight at RT and mounted in 4% LMP agarose in UBAS-M before imaging.
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7

Intravenous Administration of TAK-242 in Mice

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TAK-242 (Cayman Chemical, Ann Arbor, MI) was dissolved in meglumine (Sigma) for intravenous administration via tail veins at 10 mg/mL/kg. All mice tolerated the intravenous administration of TAK-242 well. For in vitro experiments, BMDMs were pretreated with TAK-242 or meglumine control at a concentration of 1 μM as reported.57 (link)
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8

Antiviral Treatments in Mice

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Vehicle for both drugs was 74.6 mg/mL United States Pharmacopeia (USP) grade meglumine (Sigma) in water. Ribavirin was sourced as USP grade (Spectrum Chemical) and dissolved in vehicle. Favipiravir (T-705) was generously provided by Toyama Chemical Co, (Toyama, Japan) as USP grade and dissolved in vehicle. Mice were treated with ribavirin at 100 mg/kg or favipiravir at 300 mg/kg via a once-daily IP injection in a 100 μL volume. Placebo-treated mice received a similar injection of vehicle alone.
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