2D and M-mode measurements (left ventricular end-diastolic diameter—LVEDD, interventricular septum—IVS, posterior wall thickness—PWT, end-diastolic diameter—RV) were performed in parasternal long axis (PLAX) with the patient in the left lateral decubitus. Right ventricular wall thickness was measured in diastole by M-mode or 2D imaging, preferably from the subcostal window.
Tricuspid and mitral annular plane systolic excursions (TAPSE and MAPSE) were calculated by M-mode thorough the tricuspid and mitral annulus in standard apical chamber view, respectively. Atrial volumes were calculated in telesystole by planimetry, excluding the area between the valvular leaflets and the annulus.