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9 protocols using cat kit

1

Antioxidant Enzyme Activity Assay

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SOD and CAT were measured using the SOD kit (Jiancheng A001-3, China) and the CAT kit (Jiancheng A007-1-1, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, respectively. The inhibition ratio of SOD was calculated according to the formula: inhibition ratio of SOD (%) = [(Acontrol − Ablank of control) − (Ameasure − Ablank of measure)]/(Acontrol − Ablank of control) × 100%. The activity of SOD was calculated according to the formula: activity of SOD (U/mL) = inhibition ratio of SOD/50% × dilution ratio × (0.24 mL/0.02 mL) × sample dilution ratio. The activity of CAT was calculated according to the formula: activity of CAT (U/mL) = (ODcontrol − ODmeasure) × 271 × [1/(60 × sample volume)] × sample dilution ratio.
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2

Erythropoietin and Antifibrotic Effects

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The following experimental reagents and drugs were obtained: adenine (Shanghai Ronghe Pharmaceutical Technology Development Co., Ltd., 151029), anti-EPO antibody (Abcam, ab61224), anti-EPOR antibody (Abcam, ab61162), anti-TGF-β1 polyclonal antibody (AbSci, #AB41494), anti-α-SMA antibody (Boster, BM0002), Siwu granules (Jitai'an (Sichuan) Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chinese medicine prescription: Z20020016), recombinant human erythropoietin injection (Shenyang Sansheng Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Chinese medicine prescription: S20010001), MDA Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, A003-1), CAT Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, A007-1), NO Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, A013-2), SOD Kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, A001-3), Trizol (Invitrogen, 103106), reverse transcription kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, #K1662), amplification kit (Roche, 04913914001), and IL-6 (eBioscience, BMS625) and TNF-α (eBioscience, BMS622) ELISA kits.
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3

Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Effects of Apigenin

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Apigenin (purity >99%), tert-butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP), and N-Acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO). PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002 was purchased from MedChem Express (Princeton, NJ). Low glucose DMEM media and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) kits were obtained from Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology (Shanghai, China). LDH assay kit (CAS: A020-3), malondialdehyde (MDA) assay kit (CAS: A003-1), SOD assay kit (CAS: A001-1), and CAT kit (CAS: A007-1) were purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). The primary antibody against Nrf2 (CAS: sc-365949) was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). ELISA kits for TNFα, IL-1β, and IL-6 were purchased from eBioscience (San Diego, CA).
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4

Enzymatic Kinetics of Manganese-Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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H2O2(2 mM) and standard MnFe2O4, MF NPs or CH6-MF NPs at a concentration of 10 µg/mL were mixed at room temperature. CAT kit (Nanjing Jiancheng, China) was employed to measure the H2O2 concentration every 50 s for 5 min. The enzymatic reaction rates of standard MnFe2O4, MF NPs and CH6-MF NPs (10 µg/mL) were investigated at different concentrations of H2O2 (8, 4, 2, 1, and 0.5 mM). The enzymatic kinetic parameters were determined with the Michaelis − Menten equation and the Lineweaver − Burk double reciprocal curve. The valence states of Mn and Fe in MF NPs were identified by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS).
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5

Oxidative Stress Analysis in HaCaT Cells

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After 18 hours of incubation in DMEM medium containing 10% fetal bovine serum, the SOD activity, GSH content, MDA content, and CAT activity of HaCaT cells were evaluated using SOD kit, GSH kit, MDA kit, and CAT kit (Jiancheng Biotechnology, Nanjing, People’s Republic of China), respectively, according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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6

Catalase Activity Measurement in Guinea Pigs

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Procedures were performed according to the instructions of the CAT kit (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute) in order to determine the CAT content in the mitochondria and serum of the guinea pigs. Addition of molybdate (Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute) rapidly terminated the decomposition of H2O2 by catalase (CAT). The remaining H2O2 interacted with ammonium molybdate to produce a pale yellow complex, which was measured at 405 nm to calculate the CAT activity. One unit of CAT activity was defined by the decomposition of 1 µmol/l H2O2 per second per ml of protein. CAT content in the mitochondria was calculated as follows: Tissue CAT content (U/mg)=(ODcontrol-ODsample) × 271/[60 × sample volume × protein concentration (mg/ml)]. Similarly, the serum CAT content (nmol/ml) was measured as follows: (ODcontrol-ODsample) × sample fold dilution × 271/(60 × sample volume).
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7

Antioxidant Dynamics in BHBA and PCs

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BEND cells (2 × 106 cells/mL) were seeded in 6-well plates. Confluent (90%) cells were stimulated with various concentrations of BHBA and PCs for 24 h. The supernatant was used to determine the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) and contents of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), and catalase (CAT) kits (Jiancheng, Nanjing, China) according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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8

Ischemic Brain Tissue Oxidative Stress Evaluation

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The hippocampal tissues of different grouped ischemic areas were homogenized in cold saline at pH 7.0 to prepare 10% w/v brain tissue homogenates. The oxidative stress levels were detected by referring to the instructions of SOD, GSH-px, GSH, MDA and CAT kits, respectively (Nanjing Jiancheng Institute of Biological Engineering).
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9

Antioxidant Enzyme Assays in Ileum and Liver

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Ileum and liver (about 100 mg) were devolved and mixed in a 0.9 mL stroke-physiological saline solution (4 °C, 0.9% NaCl, pH = 7.2–7.4) to obtain 10% tissue homogenate. The activity or content of GSH-Px, T-SOD, CAT, and MDA in the liver and ileum tissues were assessed according to the requirements of the GSH-Px kits (Item No.: A005-1-2), T-SOD kits (Item No.: A001-3-2), CAT kits (Item No.: A007-1-1), and MDA kit (Item No.: A003-1-2) (purchased from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, China). The absorbance was determined using a UV–visible spectrophotometer (UV1100, MAPADA, Shanghai, China). The total protein content of each sample required in the kit was measured by the BCA Protein Assay Kit (Beyotime, Shanghai, China).
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