For each participant, a comprehensive ophthalmological work-up was performed including anterior segment Scheimpflug imaging (Pentacam HR, Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany) under mesopic light conditions and analysis of iris position. In addition, objective refraction (Humphrey Automated Refractor/Keratometer (HARK) 599, Carl Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany), and biometry (Lenstar LS900, Haag-Streit Diagnostics, Koeniz, Switzerland) were performed. One scan was performed per eye with each of these devices always starting with the right eye. Noncontact tonometry (Nidek NT-2000, Nidek Co., Japan) was carried out also starting with the right eye. The mean of three measurements within a 3 mmHg range was obtained for each eye. Examinations were performed by experienced study nurses in accordance with standardized operation procedures. More details of the ophthalmological study design were described by Hohn et al. [13 (link)].
Age was calculated as the difference between date of birth and date of examination. Date of birth, sex, and smoking habits were surveyed in a computer-assisted personal interview. Body height and body weight measures were performed with calibrated digital scales (Seca 862, Seca, Hamburg, Germany) and a measuring stick (Seca 220, Seca, Hamburg, Germany).
Age was calculated as the difference between date of birth and date of examination. Date of birth, sex, and smoking habits were surveyed in a computer-assisted personal interview. Body height and body weight measures were performed with calibrated digital scales (Seca 862, Seca, Hamburg, Germany) and a measuring stick (Seca 220, Seca, Hamburg, Germany).