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Anti 14 3 3 antibody

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States

The Anti-14-3-3 antibody is a laboratory reagent used for the detection and analysis of 14-3-3 proteins in various biological samples. 14-3-3 proteins are a family of conserved regulatory molecules that play a role in diverse cellular processes.

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6 protocols using anti 14 3 3 antibody

1

Western Blot Analysis of Mitochondrial Proteins

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Proteins (5–10 μg) from cell/tissue lysates or homogenates were resolved by SDS-PAGE and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Membranes were blocked in 5% BSA or skim milk powder in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% (v/v) Tween 20 for 1 hr, followed by an overnight incubation at 4°C with specific primary antibody solutions. Membranes were incubated with an appropriate secondary antibody for 1 hr before signals were detected using ECL (Thermo Fisher Scientific or Millipore) on the Chemidoc MP (Bio-Rad) or on the Odyssey Fluorescence Detection System (LiCOR). Antibodies detecting multiple mitochondrial complex subunits (Cat. No. 45–8099) and PRDX1 were from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Cat. No. PA3-750), anti-PRDX2 (Cat. No. ab109367, clone: EPR5154) and anti-catalase (Cat. No. ab52477) antibodies were from Abcam, anti-PRDX3 antibody from Ab Frontier (Cat. No. LF-PA0030), anti-14-3-3 antibody was from Santa Cruz (Cat. No. sc-629, clone K19), anti-pT642 TBC1D4 (Cat. No. 4288), anti- TBC1D4 (Cat. No. 2670), anti-pT308 Akt (Cat. No. 9275), anti-pS473 Akt (Cat. No. 4051) and anti-Akt (Cat. No. 4685) antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technologies and anti-α-tubulin antibody was from Sigma Aldrich (Cat. No. T9026). Antibody to GLUT4 was generated in-house. Densitometry analysis was performed using Image Lab 5.2.1 (Bio-Rad) or Image Studio (LiCOR).
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2

Antibodies for Phosphorylated Group II PAKs

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The antibodies that recognise phosphorylated sites on group II PAK kinases are available from https://mrcppureagents.dundee.ac.uk/ and were raised in sheep against the following synthetic phosphopeptides: CSVTRSNpSLRRDSP (residues 93 to 105 plus Cys for coupling, where pS represents pSer99 of PAK4 and PAK5; sheep S632D, first bleed); CRDKRPLpSGPDVGT (residues 175 to 187 plus Cys for coupling, where pS represents pSer181 of PAK4; sheep S637D, third bleed) and CSRRRAQpSLGLLGD (residues 107 to 119 plus Cys for coupling, where pS represents pSer113 of PAK6; sheep S638D, 3rd bleed). Anti-14-3-3 antibody was from Santa Cruz. Antibodies that recognise PAK4, LIMK1, cofilin, pSer473 on PKB/Akt, pSer80 on ACC, pThr202/Tyr204 on ERK1/2, pSer157on VASP, pThr508/505 on LIMK1/2, pSer885 on GEF-H1 and pSer3 on cofilin were from Cell Signalling Technology. Anti-PAK6 and anti-β-tubulin antibodies were from Abcam and anti-GFP-Dylight-800 from Rockland. Digoxygenin (DIG)-14-3-3 probes were prepared as described previously (Moorhead et al. 1999), used in far-Western overlay assays (which are similar to Western blots, but where DIG-14-3-3 takes the place of primary antibody) and detected using anti-DIG antibody conjugated with HRP (Roche). GFP-Trap® agarose beads were from Chromotek.
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3

Quantification of 14-3-3 Proteins in CSF

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Proteins of the CSF samples were separated using 12% sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and transferred to polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Amersham Biosciences, Freiberg, Germany). After blocking with 5% skim milk in TBS with 0.1% Tween-20, the membranes were incubated with rabbit polyclonal anti-14-3-3 antibody (1:500; Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA) and sequentially with horseradish-peroxidase-conjugated anti-rabbit IgG (1:5,000; Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The 14-3-3 protein bands were detected using an enhanced chemiluminescence detection system (Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA).
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4

Signaling Pathway Reagents and Antibodies

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SDF-1α and CSF-1 were purchased from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN) and Pepro Tech (Rocky Hill, NJ), respectively. Gö 6976, Gö 6983, and U73122 were purchased from Calbiochem (Billerica, MA). CID755673 was purchased from Tocris (United Kingdom). fMLP and DMSO were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Antibodies anti–phospho-PKD/PKCmu(S744/748), anti–phospho-PKD1(Ser-916), and anti-PKD/PKCμ were from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA). Anti-SSH2 antibody was from Novus Biologicals. Anti–14‑3‑3 antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. Anti-GFP antibody was from BD Bioscience (San Jose, CA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)–conjugated anti-actin was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Dallas, TX). HRP-conjugated anti-mouse or anti-rabbit immunoglobulin G was obtained from Jackson Immuno­Research (United Kingdom). All tissue culture reagents were purchased from Invitrogen.
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5

Protein Interactions and Phosphorylation Analysis

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For in vitro pull-down assays, all recombinant proteins were purified from E. coli DE3 strains. Briefly, GST-tagged SOS2-JD protein retained on the beads incubated with His-tagged PKS5 in kinase buffer with ATP at 30 °C for 30 min. After removed His-tagged PKS5 by washing three times with PBS buffer, GST-tagged SOS2-JD protein were incubated with His-tagged 14-3-3λ in binding buffer (2 mM DTT, 10 mM MgCl2 and 20 mM Tris–HCl, pH 7.2) at 4 °C for 3 h, and then the beads were wash for three times with PBS buffer. The pulled-down proteins were detected by immunoblot analysis using an anti-14-3-3 antibody (Santa Cruz SC-33752, 1/2000).
For in vivo Co-immunoprecipitation assays, stable transgenic plants were used to detect the interaction between 14-3-3 proteins and SOS2/PKS5 and the phosphorylation of SCaBP8Ser237inplanta. Total proteins were extracted from Arabidopsis using IP buffer (10 mM Tris, pH 7.5, 2 mM EDTA, 150 mM NaCl, 0.5% Nonidet P-40, 1 mM phenylmethylsulfonyl fluoride, and 1% protease inhibitor cocktail; Roche). After removed cellular debris, the supernatant was incubated with anti-C-Myc agarose (Sigma-Aldrich) at 4 °C for 3 h, and then the beads were washed for five times with IP buffer. The associated proteins were analyzed by immunoblots and detected with anti-C-Myc (CWBIO 01217/10153, 1/3000) and anti-P-SC8 (made by AbMart, 1/2000) antibodies.
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6

Evaluating Protein Expression in Rat Ventricle

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Western blots were performed as described previously9 (link). Briefly, the rats' left ventricle tissue and NRC samples were lysed in a lysis buffer containing 50 mM Tris, 150 mM NaCl, 1% Nonidet P-40, 0.25% superoxide dismutase, 1 mM EDTA, 1 mM NaF, 1 mM Na3VO3, 1 mM phenylmethylsulphonyl fluoride, and a proteinase inhibitor cocktail (Roche). The samples were evaluated by SDS-PAGE. Briefly, total protein from the samples was determined before being subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and being transferred to a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane. The NC membrane was immunoblotted with an anti-14-3-3 antibody (Santa Cruz; 1:1,000), LC3 antibody (Santa Cruz; 1:1,000), p62 antibody (Santa Cruz; 1:1,000), and anti-β-actin antibody (Santa Cruz; 1:10,000). β-Actin protein served as a loading control. Protein bands were evaluated by densitometry using the Odyssey infrared imaging system (LI-COR).
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