3 matic research 13

To analyze PTM of the anterior teeth, dental casts of the upper and lower jaws were obtained for each patient. For a standardized analysis, the plaster casts were digitized in maximal intercuspidation with a stereophotogrammetric scanner (Zirkonzahn Scanner S300 Ortho (Zirkonzahn S.R.L., Gais, Italy)). The analysis was performed using the 3D software 3-matic Research 13.0 (Materialise N.V., Leuven, Belgium). The orthodontic digital model parameters were the overjet and overbite—assessed at the most severe side parallel and perpendicular to the occlusal plane respectively. To quantify the severity of malocclusion, the irregularity index of the mandible was defined by summing up the horizontal measurements of all (five) anatomic contact points between the incisors [16 (link)]. The same method was transferred to the maxillary anterior segment.
Additionally, the dental health component (DHC) of the index of orthodontic treatment need (IOTN) [17 (link)] was used to objectively quantify the severity of malocclusion. The IOTN-DHC grades the indications for treatment considering potential deleterious effects of malocclusion on functional and dental health. It was assessed by one author (L.K.) only, who was trained and experienced in the use of this ordinal scaled index.

Each participant was asked to scan the hand in clinically neutral position with scanner parameter setting of 80 kvp and 80 mA, slice thickness of 0.625 mm, in-plane resolution of 0.4 mm × 0.4 mm, and pixel size of 0.488. The first trapezoid-metacarpal joints were segmented using Mimics v12.11 (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium) and 3D bone models were exported as meshed surfaces with 3-Matic Research 13.0 (Materialise, Leuven, Belgium). All CT raw scans were introduced to the software of Mimics, the bones were generated and simulated as 3D modelings. Exporting the 3D modelings to the software of 3-Matic research to operate smoothing and meshing, the best size of grids and high quality of meshing of the bones were obtained. The vertices of these surfaces were extracted to produce a training set of point clouds for SSMs generation.

The left atrium and the left ventricle of an LVAD patient were segmented from computed tomography (CT) images using Mimics Research 20.0 and 3-matic Research 13.0 (Materialise, Belgium NV). The end systolic volume of the atrium and ventricle of this patient were 169 and 295 cm³, respectively (Figure 1). The left atrial appendage geometry was occluded virtually (Ansys, SpaceClaim 19.3, Pennsylvania, United States) (Figure 1).
A mitral valve model (Domenichini and Pedrizzetti, 2015 (link)) was defined using the following parametric equations: ${\mathit{x}}_{\mathit{v}}\left(\mathit{\theta },\mathit{s}\right)=\mathit{R}\mathbf{cos}\mathit{\theta }\left(1-\mathit{s}\mathbf{cos}\mathbf{\phi }\right)-\mathit{\epsilon }\mathit{R}\mathit{s}\mathbf{cos}\mathbf{\phi }$
${\mathit{y}}_{\mathit{v}}\left(\mathit{\theta },\mathit{s}\right)=\mathit{R}\mathbf{sin}\mathit{\theta }\left(1-\mathit{s}\mathit{k}\mathbf{cos}\mathbf{\phi }\right)$
${\mathit{z}}_{\mathit{v}}\left(\mathit{\theta },\mathit{s}\right)=-{\mathit{s}}^{\mathbf{2}}\left(\frac{1+\mathit{k}}{2}+\mathit{\epsilon }\mathbf{cos}\mathit{\theta }+\frac{1-\mathit{k}}{2}\mathbf{cos}2\mathit{\theta }\right)\mathit{R}\mathbf{sin}\mathit{\phi }$
In which $\theta$ is 100 points from $\mathit{0}$ to $\mathit{2}\pi$ and $\mathit{s}$ is 40 points from 0 to 1. $\epsilon =\mathit{0.35}$ shows the symmetry ratio between anterior and posterior leaflet. $k=\mathit{0.6}$ , shows the ellipticity of the valvular edge. $\phi =\mathit{60}$ , shows the opening angle of the mitral valve.
The created valve geometry was placed at the position and matching the orientation of the mitral valve as defined via the CT images.
The mitral valve was considered in the open status with a rigid wall and the flow rate over the mitral valve was controlled using the volume change of the left atrium and left ventricle, leading to zero flow rate over the mitral valve during systole.

This study involved 25 clinical patients. Among these participants, there were 13 males and 12 females, aged between 17 and 71 years, with an average age of 45.64 ± 12.88 years.
Inclusion criteria for participation were a clinical diagnosis of L4/5 disc herniation and receipt of PELD surgery between January 2020 and October 2021. Exclusion criteria encompassed the presence of spinal tumors, spinal fractures, infectious diseases like spinal tuberculosis, indications of multi-segmental protrusion on imaging, spinal deformities, and a history of prior spinal surgery.
The selected cases underwent preoperative thin-layer CT scanning of the L3-L5 lumbar vertebrae and intervertebral discs using a GE Lightspeed VCT 64-slice spiral CT machine from the United States, with a layer thickness of 0.625 mm. Subsequently, the DICOM (Digital Imaging and Communication of Medicine) images of the lumbar vertebrae were acquired and saved onto a CD for storage purposes. Following this, the CT images of all 25 cases were imported into Mimics 21.0 (Materialise, Inc., Leuven, Belgium). Within this platform, the three-dimensional reconstruction of the L3-L5 vertebral bodies was performed. Consequently, the resulting three-dimensional model structure was further imported into 3-matic Research 13.0 (Materialise, Inc., Leuven, Belgium) to proceed with the construction of the model.