Dss mw 36 50 kda

(R)-sal, (S)-sal, and (RS)-sal were supplied by Dongguan Key-Pharma Biomedical Company (Guangdong, China). DSS (MW 36-50 kDa) was obtained from MP Biomedicals Co., Ltd. (California, USA). The positive drug 5-ASA was obtained from Shanghai Yuanye Bio-Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). The reagent for detecting fecal occult blood was supplied by Baso Diagnostics, Inc. (Zhuhai, China). The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for detecting the inflammatory cytokines interferon-γ (IFN-γ), interleukin- (IL-) 1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) were offered by Neobioscience Technology Company (Shenzhen, China). The antibodies of β-actin (ab227387), occludin (ab216327), and CD4 (ab183685) were obtained from Abcam Inc. (Burlingame, USA). The antibodies of zonula occludens-1 (ZO-1) (bs-1329R) and Nrf-2 (bs-1074R) were obtained from Bioss (Beijing, China). The antibodies of NF-κB p65 (10745-1-AP) and heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) (10701-1-AP) were purchased from Proteintech (Rosemont, USA). The antibody of phospho-NF-κB p65 (p-NF-κB p65) was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, USA). The antibodies of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) (BA0290) and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (BM0002) were offered by Boster Biological Technology Co., Ltd. (Wuhan, China). All chemical reagents employed were of analytical grade.

DSS (MW36–50 KDa; MP Biomedical, Burlingame, CA, USA), an ultraviolet spectrophotometer (NANODROP 2000; Thermo Scientific, Wilmington, DE, USA), and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits for MSP were purchased from Shanghai BlueGene Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) in addition to Anti-RON (ab125283), anti-pAkt (S473) (ab18206), anti-Akt (ab5893), anti-occludin (Ab31721), anti-ZO-1 (SC-8146), and anti-claudin-2 (ab12593).

GLP was provided by Infinitus Co., Guangzhou, Guangdong, China, and was mainly composed of β-glucan (>90%) that contained a 1,6-linked β-D-Glcp backbone with different length branches consisting of terminal and 1,4-linked Glcp residues attached to 0–4 alternative Glc residues on the backbone (13 (link)). DSS (MW 36–50 kDa) was purchased from MP Biomedicals LLC (Santa Ana, CA, USA), and the Modified EZ Detect Fecal Occult Blood Test Kit was purchased from Qiyun Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, Guangdong, China). The TIANamp Stool DNA Kit was from Tiangen Biotech Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China); the AxyPrep DNA Gel Extraction Kit was from Axygen Biosciences (Union City, CA, USA); TRIzol® reagent was from Invitrogen (Shanghai, China); the TruSeq TM RNA Sample Prep Kit was from Illumina (San Diego, CA, USA); QuantiFluor™-ST was from Promega (Beijing, China); Phusion DNA polymerase was from NEB (Beijing, China) and the short chain fatty acids standard was from Sigma (Guangzhou, Guangdong, China).
All feeds used in this study were purchased from Guangdong Medical Laboratory Animal Center (Foshan, Guangdong, China). The feeds were sterilized by Co⁶⁰ (25 kGy) radiation. Formulation No. D12450-B was used as a basal diet, and the GLP diet was prepared by replacing 10% of corn starch in the basal diet formulation with equal amount of GLP (Table 1).