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Dubeccos modified eagle medium

Manufactured by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Germany

Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) is a commonly used basal medium for the in vitro cultivation of various cell types, including mammalian cells. DMEM provides a balanced salt solution and a variety of nutrients necessary for cell growth and maintenance.

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6 protocols using dubeccos modified eagle medium

1

Culturing Breast Cancer and Normal Cells

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Human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF-7 ATCC # HTB-22) were cultured in Dubeccos Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin-streptomycin. Human breast cells (MCF-10A ATCC # CRL-10317) were cultured in Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle Medium/Ham’s F-12 (Gibco) with 5% horse serum, 20 ng/mL EGF, 0.5 mg/mL hydrocortisone, 100 ng/mL cholera toxin, 10 μg/mL insulin, and 1% penicillin streptomycin. Cells were treated with 0.05% trypsinEDTA (Gibco) for seeding on the sensor through a 100 μL well at a density of 9,000 cells per 100 μL.
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2

Generation of Human Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells

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Skin biopsies were performed under local anaesthetic (Xylocaine 2% with Adrenaline 100 micrograms/20 ml (1:200,000), AstraZeneca) using a sterile technique following ethical approval (REC Ref No 10/S1103/10, Lothian R&D Project No 2012/R/DER/01) and informed consent. Both patients and controls were aware of their use of their samples in research. Fibroblast cell lines developed in Dubecco’s Modified Eagle Medium (Gibco) with 10% fetal calf serum (Gibco) and 1:500 Penicillin/Streptomycin (Gibco).
Three micrograms of expression plasmid mixtures (generous donation from Yamanaka lab)9 (link) were electroporated into 500,000 fibroblasts in Amaxa Nucleofector 2b (Lonza AAB1001) according to the manufacturer’s instructions and transferred to a 6-well Gelatin-coated plate (1% Sigma) in DMEM/10% FCS. The cells were trypsinised upon reaching confluence and replated on Geltrek in Essential8 media43 (E8; Gibco) in a 100 ml dish. Colonies were counted after 25 days and hESC-looking colonies picked and expanded. Cells were maintained on Geltrek in E8 and passaged with EDTA (0.5 M, Invitrogen).
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3

Cell Culture Protocols for Diverse Cell Lines

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Vero cells (African green monkey kidney) were maintained in OPTI-MEM (Gibco) cell culture medium, containing 3% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Bovogen) at 37 °C with 5% CO2. C6/36 (Aedes albopictus) cells were grown in glutamate-free Roswell Memorial Park Institute-1640 (RPMI, Gibco) medium, supplemented with 10% FBS, 15 mM HEPES (Gibco), 1% GlutaMAXTM (Gibco), 100 U/mL penicillin (Gibco) and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Gibco) at 28 °C. K-562 cells (human bone marrow) were maintained in RPMI-1640, supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin (Gibco) and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Gibco) at 37 °C with 5% CO2. A549 cells (human lung epithelial) were maintained in Dubecco’s modified Eagle medium (Gibco), supplemented with 10% FBS, 100 U/mL penicillin (Gibco) and 100 μg/mL streptomycin (Gibco) at 37 °C with 5% CO2.
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4

Nanoparticle-based Doxorubicin Delivery

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Gold(III) chloride trihydrate, sodium borohydride, poly(bis(4-carboxyphenoxy)phosphazene) disodium salt (PCPP, 1 MDa), L-glutathione reduced (GSH), selenocystamine dihydrochloride, hexamethylenediamine, doxorubicin and albumin-fluorescein conjugate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Quisinostat dihydrochloride was purchased from Selleckchem (Houston, TX). HepG2, U251, Renca, and SVEC4-10 cell lines were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA). LIVE/DEAD assay kits were purchased from Life Technologies Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY). Cells were cultured in Dubecco’s Modified Eagle Medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1% penicillin (10000 units/mL) from Life Technologies Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY). Athymic nude mice were obtained from Charles River Laboratories (stock no. 490).
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5

Establishing Neural Stem Cell and Medulloblastoma Cell Lines

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DKFZ-EP1NS [25 (link)], SJ-BT57 [52 (link)], and human fetal neural stem cells obtained from C. Watts, University of Cambridge were cultivated as neural stem cells using neurosphere medium (Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany) with growth factor supplements as described [25 (link)] Medulloblastoma cells DAOY (obtained from American Type Culture Collection) and UW228-3 cells (obtained from Steven Clifford, Newcastle, United Kingdom), were cultivated adherently using normal DMEM (Dubecco's modified Eagle medium, Invitrogen, Karlsruhe, Germany). Based on DNA methylation profiling using Illumina 450k methylation array [11 (link)], cell lines EP1NS and SJ-BT57 were classified as preclinical RELA-positive (EP1NS) and posterior fossa Group A (SJ-BT57) models. Additionally, according to the study of Parker and colleagues [15 (link)], the RELA-C11orf95 fusions was detected in EP1NS by reverse-transcription PCR, detailed description can be found elsewhere [11 (link), 15 (link)].
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6

Synthesis and Characterization of Arylboronate Polyphosphazene

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Gold(III) chloride trihydrate, sodium borohydride,
poly-di-(carboxylatophenoxy)phosphazene disodium salt (PCPP, 1 MDa), spermine,
reduced l-glutathione, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2),
ferrous perchlorate hydrate
(Fe(ClO4)2·xH2O),
potassium dioxide (KO2), and lipopolysaccharides (LPS) were purchased
from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). PEG-PLL (PEG MW 5000/PLL
MW 4900) was purchased from Alamanda Polymers. Recombinant human
interferon-γ protein (IFN-γ) was
purchased from Abcam. For the microfluidic setup, the herringbone mixer microfluidic
chip (channel diameter of 600 μm) and male luers were
purchased from Microfluidic ChipShop (Jena, Germany), the polyethylene tubing from
VWR (Philadelphia, PA), and the syringe pumps from Braintree Scientific (Braintree,
Ma). HepG2, RAW264.7, Renca, and SVEC4–10 cell lines were purchased from ATCC
(Manassas, VA). LIVE/DEAD assay kits were purchased from Invitrogen (Grand Island,
NY). Cells were cultured in Dubecco’s Modified Eagle Medium from Invitrogen
(Grand Island, NY) supplemented with 1% penicillin and 10% fetal bovine serum unless
specified otherwise. TNF-α ELISA kit was purchased from
Invitrogen (Grand Island, NY).
The experimental details for the synthesis of the arylboronate
polyphosphazene derivative (PPB) are detailed in the Supporting Information.
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