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8 protocols using egm 2 endothelial cell growth media

1

Isolation and Culture of Human Endothelial Cells

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Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells (HUVECs) were isolated from human umbilical cords following established protocols (49 (link)). The cells used in experimental replicates were isolated from different donors. Cells were grown in EGM-2 Endothelial Cell Growth Media (Lonza) (including all supplements provided by bullet kits) on culture dishes coated with rat tail type I collagen (Corning). Human Retinal Microvascular Endothelial Cells (HRMECs) were purchased from Cell Systems. Cells were maintained on fibronectin (Sigma) coated plates (Millipore) and in EGM-2 Endothelial Cell Growth Media (Lonza). 293T cells were acquired from ATCC and maintained in High Glucose DMEM (Gibco) with 10% Heat-Inactivated Fetal Bovine Serum (HI-FBS) and 0.01% penicillin-streptomycin. Unless otherwise noted, cells were cultured under standard conditions in a humidified incubator at 37°C, 5% CO2.
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2

In Vitro Endothelial Cell Constriction Assay

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FITC dye (1 μM, Sigma-Aldrich) with Endothelial cell Growth Media (EGM-2, Lonza) was introduced into the cell culture channel and imaged using a fluorescence microscope (Nikon Eclipse Ti). Channel constrictions were realised by pumping-in air into the pneumatic channel using a syringe pump (Chemyx, Inc.) while simultaneously monitoring the FITC fluorescence-linescan intensity. The fluorescence linescan intensity drops as the channel constriction increases, which was used to measure the percentage of channel constriction (Fig. S1, supplementary material). A 3D reconstruction of the stenosis region was performed from the FITC fluorescence images (at different channel constrictions) using ImageJ (NIH) for better visualization of the 3D-stenosis. Confocal imaging (LSM 800, Carl Zeiss) of the FITC-loaded channels was performed to visualize the 3D stenosis. Flow characterization was performed by pumping 10 μm fluorescent polystyrene beads (Bangs Laboratories) through the culture channel. Time-lapse images were obtained to calculate the beads rolling velocities which were processed using ImageJ.
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3

Endothelial Cell Cultivation and Starvation

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HUVEC-I and MVEC were provided by Dr. A. Kelekar and Dr. J. Hall respectively (University of Minnesota). Primary HUVEC cultures were purchased from Neuromics (Edina, MN). Endothelial cells were cultured in Endothelial cell Growth Media EGM-2™ (Lonza). For growth factor starvation, Endothelial cell Basal Medium-2™ (Lonza) was used. Experiments were performed on primary HUVEC obtained from two different batches and MVEC used in real-time experiments were procured from a single batch. LLC cells were obtained from ATCC (Manassas, VA) and grown in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% FBS, 1% glutamine, 1% Penicillin-Streptomycin and 1% sodium pyruvate.
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4

Culturing Endothelial and Cancer Cell Lines

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Primary human umbilical vein endothelial cells from pooled donors (HUVEC, Lonza Walkersville Inc., Walkersville, MD, #C2519AS), passage 4-8, were cultured on 0.1% gelatin-coated plates in EGM-2 endothelial cell growth media (Lonza Walkersville Inc., Walkersville, MD, #CC3162). Primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells from single donor (HMVEC, Lonza Walkersville Inc., Walkersville, MD, #CC-2527), passage 3-6, were cultured on 0.1% gelatin coated plates in EGM-2 microvascular cell growth media (Lonza Walkersville Inc., Walkersville, MD, #CC3202). EL4 cells were purchased from ATCC (Manassas, VA, #TIB-39) and maintained in high glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, Hyclone, Logan, UT, #SH30243.01) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Omega Scientific, Inc., Tarzana, CA, #FB-02). The GL261 cell line [43] (link) was a gift from Dr. Santosh Kesari (UCSD) and was maintained in high glucose DMEM supplemented with 10% FBS. Cells were maintained at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO 2 .
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5

Human Brain Vascular Pericyte Characterization

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Human brain vascular pericytes (HBVP) (ScienCell) were maintained in 1× Low Glucose DMEM (Invitrogen) with 10% fetal bovine serum and 1× Pen-Strep (Invitrogen). Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) were isolated as described61 (link). HUVEC were grown in EGM-2 Endothelial Cell Growth Media (Lonza Group). Knockdown cell lines were made using stable lentiviral infection (see supplemental information). RNA was collected from cultured cells using the RNeasy Mini Kit (Qiagen). Protein lysates was collected 4 days post-infection in TENT lysis buffer containing 1× HALT protease inhibitor cocktail (Thermo Fisher). The following antibodies were used for western blotting in 2% milk, 2% BSA, 0.1% Tween in 1× PBS: anti-NG2 (Millipore), anti-PDGFR-β (Cell Signaling), anti-MMP14 (Abcam), anti-MMP2 (Abcam), anti-vinculin (Sigma), and HRP-conjugated secondary antibodies (Sigma).
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6

Angiosarcoma and SVR Cell Cultures

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SVR cells were obtained from ATCC and were maintained in Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) + 5% FBS + 0.1% gentamicin sulfate (Gemini Bioproducts, Calabasas, CA). ASM-1 angiosarcoma cells were generously provided by Dr. James Kirkpatrick (Johannes Gutenberg-Universität Mainz, Germany)14 . HAMON angiosarcoma cells were generously provided by Dr. Riichiro Abe (Hokkaido University, Japan)15 (link). ASM-1 and HAMON cells were maintained in EGM-2 endothelial cell growth media (Lonza). All cells were screened for mycoplasma and experiments were performed at 60–80% confluence.
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7

Cell Culture and Transfection Protocols

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HEK293 (Stratagene) and HeLa (ATCC) cells were cultured in DMEM with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). HUVECs and VSMCs (Lonza) were cultured in EGM-2 Endothelial Cell Growth Media or SMGM-2 Smooth Muscle Cell Growth Media (Lonza), respectively. All cells were maintained in sub-confluent densities to allow cell division throughout the course of the experiments. Experiments using HUVECs and VSMCs were carried out in cells between 3 and 7 passages. Cells were plated in 24-well plates (HEK293, HeLa, and VSMC, 5 × 104/well; HUVEC, 1 × 105/well) on the day prior to the first transfection. miRIDIAN miRNA mimics and hairpin inhibitors (Dharmacon) were transfected at a final concentration of 200 nM using DharmaFECT 4 Transfection Reagent (Dharmacon). Lipofectamine 2000 (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was used for mRNA transfections. Media were changed after 4 h to remove transfection reagent from HUVECs, VSMCs, and HeLa cells. Cells were collected 24 h following mRNA transfection.
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8

Evaluating HUVEC Viability under Hydrogel Degradation

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Human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs) were seeded into 96 well plates (Costar) at 9,000 cells/well and grown to confluence. Cells were treated with neutralized (pH 7.4) degraded hydrogel materials in both oxidized and reduced states that were serially diluted in EGM-2 Endothelial Cell Growth Media (Lonza). Similar conditions were used when treating cells with glycolic acid and lactic acid in PBS (Figure S2), and the pH was adjusted to 7.4 to mimic PLGA degradation products in a buffered physiological environment. Cells were incubated for 24 hours at 37°C and 5% CO2. Material was removed after 24 hours and cells were stained with Calcein-AM. HUVEC viability percentage was measured using a UV-vis spectrophotometer (Biotek SynergyMX) at excitation/emission wavelengths of 485/528 nm. Data was normalized to live controls.
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