Ketotifen

Montelukast, pranlukast and zafirlukast as leukotriene receptor antagonists were purchased from Cayman Chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Suplatast tosilate as a Th2 cytokine inhibitor, sodium cromoglicate, tranilast, amlexanox and pemirolast as mediator release inhibitors, ozagrel as a thromboxane A2 synthesis inhibitor, seratrodast as a thromboxane A 2 receptor antagonist, diphenhydramine as an ethanolamine H1 blocker, chlorpheniramine as a propylamine H1 blocker, cyproheptadine as a piperidine H1 blocker, promethazine as a phenothiazine H1 blocker, and ketotifen, fexofenadine, epinastine, cetirizine, levocetirizine, emedastine, loratadine, azelastine, mequitazine and ebastine as second-generation H1 receptor antagonists were purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan).

Ambrisentan, amlodipine, bisoprolol, candesartan, linagliptin, naftopidil, prasugrel, and sumatriptan were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX, USA). Clonidine, glyburide, lisinopril, nicorandil, and propafenone were obtained from Wako (Tokyo, Japan). Efonidipine, mibefradil, terfenadine, and terodiline were provided by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Aliskiren and warfarin were from LKT Laboratories (St. Paul, MN, USA); astemizole and bepridil were from Tocris Bioscience (Bristol, UK); amiodarone and atorvastatin were from Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada); cisapride was from Abcam (Cambridge, UK); and ketotifen was from Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan). All compounds were dissolved in a mixture of dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) and methanol (7:3), and were stored at -80°C. For cell culture, gentamycin and gelatin (type A, cell culture tested) were obtained from Wako and Sigma-Aldrich, respectively.