Accurex coded

At least 72 h separated the trials and subjects were tested in the morning. 4 h before arriving at the laboratory, participants ingested a telemetric thermistor pill (CorTemp™, HQ, Inc., Palmetto, Florida, USA) for the measurement of intestinal temperature (T INT ). 2 h before arrival to the laboratory subjects ingested a light breakfast of 500 kcal and 65 g of carbohydrate. Upon arrival to the laboratory subjects voided and nude body weight was recorded (Toledo Hawk, Mettler, Columbus, OH, USA). Urine specific gravity (U SG ) was measured to confirm euhydration (U SG < 1.020; [45] ). Then subjects were instrumented with an ECG-gated automated blood pressure sphygmomanometer (Tango™ SunTech Medical, Inc., Morrisville, NC, USA) and a telemetric heart rate monitoring device (Accurex coded, Polar, Finland). Thereafter subjects lay on a stretcher and a laser Doppler flowmeter (Moor Lab, Moor Instruments, Devon, UK) was attached to the dorsal side of the forearm to measure skin blood flow (S K BF). Data was expressed as percent of maximal vasodilation elicited at the end of the trial by local heating to 42 °C. After 45 min of supine rest, blood pressure, metabolic and cardiovascular measurements were collected before and after exercise. At the end of exercise, subjects toweled dry and nude weight was measured again.

Subjects underwent supervised high intensity interval training (HIIT) at a frequency of 3 times per week for 24 weeks. Each training session was completed on a cycle ergometer and included a 10-min warm up at 70% of their peak heart rate (i.e., HR peak ) followed by 4 x 4-min intervals at 90% HR peak interspersed with 3-min active recovery at 70% HR peak and a 5-min cool-down period for a total exercise duration of 43 min. Heart rate was measured with a telemetric heart rate monitor (Accurex coded, Polar, Finland). Participants included in post-training assessment, attended at least 85% of all the prescribed exercise sessions and were instructed to maintain their normal dietary patterns for the duration of the study.