First, 5 mL of peripheral venous blood in a plane vacutainer tube was withdrawn for the assessment of a complete blood count (CBC) (using Sysmex
XT-1800i, Kobe, Japan), liver functions, alanine transaminase (ALT), and aspartate aminotransferase (AST), using a spectrophotometric assay on
Advia chemistry 2400 XPT, Siemens Healthineers (Erlangen, Germany), automated quantitative C-reactive protein (CRP), and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) (using Roche Diagnostics, Mannheim, Germany).
Following this, 5 mL of peripheral venous blood was obtained in a vacutainer tube containing citrate for the assessment of an automated quantitative D-dimer using the D-Dimer Reagent Specification commercially available from HEALES, Shenzhen Housing Technology, China.
The enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) is an effective method for measuring cytokines. The Human IL-6 ELISA kit tested serum IL-6 (Shanghai Sunred Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China). Serum ferritin and troponin were measured using the
Human Ferritin ELISA kit and a
Human Troponin ELISA kit (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA). The manufacturer’s ELISA steps were followed.
Sarhan R.M., E. Altyar A., Essam Abou Warda A., Saied Y.M., Ibrahim H.S., Schaalan M.F., Fathy S., Sarhan N, & Boshra M.S. (2023). Pentoxifylline Effects on Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients with Cytokine Storm Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Pharmaceuticals, 16(4), 631.