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21 protocols using i stat system

1

Arterial Blood Gas Analysis Using i-STAT

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Arterial blood gases were determined using the i-STAT system with the CG8+ cartridge (Abbott Point of Care, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA). The arterial blood samples (0.5 ml) were collected and the following blood parameters were determined: pH, partial pressure of arterial carbon dioxide (PCO2), partial pressure of arterial oxygen (PO2), total carbon dioxide (TCO2, base excess (BE), saturation of arterial blood oxygen (SaO2), bicarbonate concentration (HCO3). The TCO2 was calculated as follows: TCO2 (mmol/l)=HCO3 + 0.03 PCO2.
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2

Assessing Renal and Pulmonary Dysfunction

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Venous and arterial blood was obtained after induction of anesthesia to establish baseline creatinine (Cr) and partial pressure of oxygen (Pa02) parameters. Venous and arterial sampling was repeated after termination of infusion. Post infusion creatinine and Pa02 levels were obtained. To evaluate renal dysfunction, percentage changes from baseline serum Cr were measured in each study group. Percentage change in PaO2 from baseline was measured in each study group to evaluate pulmonary dysfunction. Laboratory values were measured using Abbot Point of Care i-STAT® System, per manufacture protocol. Serum was centrifuged for 20 minutes at 2000xg and stored at −20°C.
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3

Comprehensive Biochemical Analysis

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Creatinine, electrolyte (Na+, K+, and Cl) and blood urea nitrogen concentrations, and blood pH were analyzed using an autoanalyzer (Fuji Film Medical, Tokyo, Japan) or an i-STAT system (Abbott Laboratories, Chicago, IL, USA). Urine pH was measured by a pH meter (ISFTCOM Co., Ltd., Saitama, Japan). Urinary protein concentration was determined using the quick start Bradford protein assay kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories Co., Hercules, CA, USA).
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4

Microsphiltration of RBCs under Hypoxic Conditions

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A total of 600 µL of RBC suspension (2 % haematocrit in PBS/1 % AlbuMAX® II) was instantaneously introduced upstream from the microsphere layer. The microsphere layer was then washed with 6 mL of PBS/1 % AlbuMAX II using an electric pump (Syramed μsp6000, Arcomed’Ag) at a flow rate of 60 mL/h. The downstream sample (6.6 mL) and an aliquot from the upstream sample were analysed. In some experiments, hypoxic conditions were created by gassing the RBC suspension and the PBS/1 % AlbuMAX® II solution with a gas mixture of 1 % O2, 5 % CO2 and 94 % N2 for 15 min and microsphiltration was performed in a hermetic plastic tent (Captair Pyramid®; Erlab, Val de Reuil, France) that was inflated, deflated and re-inflated with the same gas mixture prior to each experiment (Additional file 1). Maintenance of 1 % O2 and 5 % CO2 levels in the RBC suspension was confirmed every 15–30 min using an i-STAT® System and CG4+ cartridge (Abbott Point of Care, Princeton, NJ, USA). The mean parasitaemias (per cent of infected RBCs in the RBC suspension) in the upstream (U) and downstream (D) samples were determined for duplicate samples. The RBC retention rate (RR) for each sample was calculated using the following formula: RR = [(U−D)/U] × 100.
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5

Maternal and Umbilical Cord Blood Analysis

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Maternal peripheral blood samples were drawn from an antecubital vein into EDTA-coated tubes before delivery for a complete blood count or processed to measure plasma erythropoietin, sFlt1 and VEGF by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (R & D Systems, Inc.). Umbilical venous and arterial blood samples (1 mL) were collected from a double-clamped cord within one minute of delivery into heparinized syringes and duplicate blood gas values (pO2, pCO2) and pH were obtained (i-STAT System, Abbott Laboratories) within five minutes of collection. Mixed umbilical cord blood was collected into EDTA-coated tubes and processed as described for maternal blood. Plasma was stored at −80° C prior to analysis.
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6

Aortic Pressure Measurement Protocol

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Aortic pressure was measured with reference to the mid chest with high-sensitivity transducers. Aortic pressure and ECG were continuously recorded on a computer-based data acquisition system supported by CODAS hardware and software (DataQ, Akron, OH, USA). Arterial blood gases and hematocrit were assessed with an i-STAT System (Abbott Laboratories, Princeton, NJ, USA), at baseline and at 2 h after transfusion.
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7

Blood Glucose Monitoring in Newborns

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Blood glucose was measured with i-STAT System® (pointof-care measurement, Abbott Point of Care Inc., Princeton, NJ) at 3, 6, 9, 12, 18, 24, and 48 h after birth. Mean blood glucose was calculated for the first day. Hypoglycemia was defined as blood glucose < 2.6 mmol/L (46 mg/dL) and hyperglycemia > 10.0 mmol/L (180 mg/dL). We also calculated the number of hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic episodes per infant.
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8

Neonatal Arterial Blood Sampling for Physiological Analysis

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Within 5 min of birth, arterial blood samples (0.5–1 mL) were collected by femoral or coccygeal artery puncture, depending on the accessibility of the blood vessel. Whenever the collection of blood samples from the coccygeal artery was not possible (e.g., low blood pressure at an extremely peripheral artery), arterial blood was collected from the femoral artery. We used 3 mL non-commercial pre-heparinised syringes with 21 G needles (for the femoral artery) or 24 G needles (for the coccygeal artery). After collection, blood was immediately tested using the i-STAT system (Abbott; EG7+ cartridge) for partial pressure of CO2 (PaCO2; mmHg), partial pressure of oxygen (PaO2; mmHg), total carbon dioxide concentration (TCO2; mmol/L), oxygen saturation (sO2; %). All results were corrected for calf body temperature automatically by the analyzer.
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9

Temperature Regulation in Preterm VLBW Infants

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All data were prospectively collected, and included the following information: date of birth, prenatal interventions such as in vitro fertilization, birth weight, gestational age, sex, Apgar score, axillary temperature taken immediately after admission to the NICU, capillary blood gas analysis at admission (i-STAT System, Abbott Point of Care, Inc., Princeton, NJ, USA), and ambient air temperatures in the DR/OR and the NICU. The axillary and room temperatures were obtained using digital thermometers.
Hypothermia and hyperthermia were defined according to the World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines as body temperature <36.0°C and >38.0°C, respectively. The following definitions were applied in identifying comorbid conditions: patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), if surgery or medication was needed; HMD, requiring exogenous surfactant; bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), as per the National Institutes of Health classification; and intraventricular haemorrhage (IVH), when greater than grade II. Outcome parameters included the incidence of hypothermia, hyperthermia, mortality and morbidity (i.e., PDA, HMD, BPD, IVH, PVL, sepsis, and pulmonary haemorrhage) among all preterm VLBW infants.
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10

Blood Biochemistry and Electrolyte Analysis

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Blood biochemistry, electrolytes, and blood gases were measured with the i-STAT system (Abbot, Chicago, IL, USA).
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