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11 protocols using magnetic beads

1

Optimized MOB Protocol for Urine and Plasma DNA Extraction

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DNA was extracted from urine and plasma samples using an optimized Methylation On Beads (MOB) protocol. MOB is a process that allows DNA extraction and bisulfite conversion in a single tube via the use of silica super Magnetic Beads (10 (link),17 (link)). This approach yields a 1.5- to 5-fold improvement in extraction efficiency compared with traditional techniques (10 (link),18 (link)). We optimized the MOB protocol which was previously a 24-hour protocol to a 6-hour protocol. We are newly describing MOB protocol for the isolation of DNA from the urine.
In the improved protocol, plasma samples were incubated with Proteinase K (10 mg/mL) (New England Biolabs Co.: P8107s) and Buffer AL (Qiagen, Co.: 19075) at 55°C for 1 hour. During the DNA bisulfite treatment procedure, CT lightning conversion reagent was added and incubated at 98°C for 10 mins and then at 70°C for 1 hour.
For DNA extraction from urine 150 μL of Proteinase K (10 mg/mL) (New England Biolabs Co.: P8107s) was added to 3mL of urine followed by 3mL of Buffer AL (Qiagen, Co.: 19075) and incubated in a water bath at 55 °C for 1 hour. After digestion 3ml of 100% of isopropanol and 150ul of Magnetic Beads (Promega, Co: magnesi KF-MD1471) were added to the sample to bind the DNA. Plasma and urine samples were prepared with parallel digestion workflows running concurrently (10 (link)).
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2

Soybean RNA Extraction and cDNA Synthesis

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10 ug total RNAs from early and late time points of F. virguliforme infected soybean root tissues, germinating conidia, and mycelia were used to purify poly (A)+ RNAs using oligo (dT) attached to magnetic beads (Promega, Madison, WI). Poly (A)+ RNAs were fragmented into short sequences in the presence of divalent cations at 94°C for 5 min. RNA samples were reverse transcribed using a cDNA synthesis kit from Illumina (Illumina, Inc. San Diego, CA, U.S.A.).
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3

Isolation of Alveolar Type II Cells

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ATII cells were isolated (62 (link)). Briefly, mice were deeply anesthetized with 70 mg/kg i.p. pentobarbital. Mice were exsanguinated and lungs were then lavaged with sterile PBS via the right ventricle. Corning dispase (Thermo Fisher Scientific) was then instilled i.t. followed by a low–melting point agarose plug. En bloc–removed lungs were incubated for 45 minutes at room temperature. Tissue was teased apart and passed through a 70 μm strainer (BD Biosciences). The cell mixture was then labeled with a mixture of anti-CD16/32 (catalog 553143), anti-TER119 (catalog 553672), anti-CD45 (catalog 3553078), and anti-CD90 (catalog 554896) (all from BD Biosciences) and subsequently incubated with streptavidin labeled with magnetic beads (Promega) to negatively select for ATII cells. As a final step, fibroblasts were removed by adherence to a Petri dish for 2 hours. To control the purity of the isolated cells, cells were stained for EpCAM expression with immunofluorescence microscopy.
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4

Fecal Microbiome Profiling via 16S rRNA Sequencing

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DNA extraction from fecal samples was conducted using the QIAamp Fast DNA Stool Mini Kit. The V3–V4 regions of the 16S rRNA were amplified from metagenomic DNA using specific primers (319f: 5′-AC TCCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3′ and 806r: 5′-GGACTACHVGGGTWTCTAAT-3′) to construct an amplicon sequencing library. PCR amplification was performed followed the instructions. The resulting amplicons were purified using the AxyPrep DNA GelExtraction Kit (Axygen Biosciences, Union City, CA, United States), quantified using QuantiFluor-ST (Promega, Madison, WI, United States), and pooled during the cleaning process using magnetic beads from Beckman Coulter. Qualified amplicons underwent paired-end sequencing on an Illumina Novaseq 6,000. The sequencing procedure was carried out by Beijing Biomarker Technology. Raw sequencing data are available in the Sequence Read Archive database under accession number: PRJNA982419.
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5

RNA Sequencing Library Preparation

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RNA sample was shipped to BGI (Shenzhen, China) for sequencing. Briefly, 10 µg of the total RNA was used for cDNA library construction. Poly (A) mRNA was enriched with Oligo (dT) attached to magnetic beads (Promega, USA). RNA was fragmented in Thermomixer with the addition of fragmentation reagent. cDNA was synthesized with reverse transcriptase (Invitrogen) by the priming of random hexamer. cDNA was purified, sticky end was repaired, and the base “A” and adaptor sequence were ligated to the 3’ end of cDNA. Size selection and PCR amplification were performed, and the quality was checked with Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer and ABI StepOnePlus Real-Time PCR system (ABI, USA). The cDNA library was subjected to sequencing on Illumina HiSeq 2000 platform (Illumina, Inc., USA).
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6

Purification of DCG-04-Reactive Proteases

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To purify the DCG-04-reactive proteases from mitochondria prepared from non-thermogenic appendices, 20 µl of magnetic streptavidin beads (Promega, WI, U.S.A.) was added to each reaction mixture and incubated for 16 h at 4°C. The magnetic beads were then washed with 300 µl of TBS buffer using a magnetic stand (Promega) to remove non-specifically bound proteins. Biotin-labelled proteins were recovered by boiling the magnetic beads in Laemmli SDS loading buffer and subjected to SDS–PAGE.
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7

Pull-down Assay for AccA3-PII Complex

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Complex formation between M. tb His-AccA3 and PII without a tag were assessed by pull down as described by Rajendran et al. (2011) (link), with modifications. Pull down assay was performed using 15 μL of magnetic beads (Promega) with interaction buffer (Tris–HCl 50 mM pH 8.0, NaCl 100 mM, glycerol 5%, LDAO 0,01%, imidazole 20 mM; MgCl2 5 mM) and saturating ATP (3.5 mM). Fifteen micrograms of purified His-AccA3 were mixed with 20 μg of PII protein from M. tb (Mt), A. brasilense (Ab) or E. coli (Ec). Proteins eluted from the Ni2+ were analyzed by SDS-PAGE and the gel was stained with Coomassie Blue.
The interaction between PII and AmtCTR was analyzed in vitro. 10 μg of cell extracts expressing His-tagged M. tb PII were mixed with 10 μg of purified AmtCTR without tag. The mixture was prepared in the presence of either 1 mM ATP or 1 mM ATP along with 1.5 mM 2-OG. After incubating the mixture for 1 h at 4°C, it was loaded into a Ni2+-NTA column that had been pre-equilibrated with PBS containing ATP, or ATP and 2-OG. The column was then washed with PBS, supplemented with the ATP and 2-OG, using 10 column volumes. Finally, the bound proteins were eluted from the column using PBS containing 250 mM imidazole. SDS-PAGE was performed to analyze the samples obtained from the column.
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8

DNA Methylation Analysis Protocol

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DNA was extracted from whole peripheral blood using the Promega (Madison, Wisconsin, EUA) automated system with magnetic beads following the manufacturer’s instructions (7 (link)). Integrity was evaluated by agarose gel. Quality was evaluated using NanoDrop (Thermo Fisher, Waltham, Massachusetts, EUA). DNA from total leucocytes were firstly bisulfite converted using the EZ DNA Methylation Kit (Zymo Research Corporation, Irvine, CA, United States), then 500 ng were hybridized in the Infinium Human Methylation 450 k (IHM450K) BeadChip (Illumina, Inc., San Diego, CA, United States) (8 (link)). After the protocol, images were obtained using the iScan system.
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9

Exosome Isolation using Magnetic Beads

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Example 5

4×30 ul of Promega magnetic beads were aliquoted out and washed once in MB wash/bind buffer (100 mM HEPES, 10 mM Imidazole, 500 mM NaCl, pH 7.5). 17.5 ug of purified his-tagged GFP-GPI was added into one MB sample (meant for exosome sample 3) and incubated for 5 minutes, before washing with 3×500 ul of MB wash/bind buffer.

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10

RNA-seq of Aspergillus Spores and Mycelia

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Total RNAs, 10 μg each from germinating conidial spores and mycelia, were used to purify poly (A)+ RNAs using oligo (dT) attached to the magnetic beads (Promega, Madison, WI). RNA samples were reverse transcribed using a cDNA synthesis kit from Illumina (Illumina, Inc. San Diego, CA, USA), and cDNAs of an individual RNA sample were sequenced on Illumina Genome Analyzer II (Illumina, Inc. San Diego, CA, USA) at the DNA Facility, Iowa State University. Over 16 million single reads of 83 bp were generated using Solexa GA pipeline 1.6. No read trimming was performed; only reads with a high percent identity to the reference were selected in read mapping.
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