Folded capillary zeta cell

Manufactured by Malvern Panalytical

Sourced in United Kingdom

The Folded Capillary Zeta Cell is a laboratory equipment used for the measurement of zeta potential. It is designed to provide a consistent and reliable method for determining the surface charge characteristics of particles suspended in a liquid.

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Folded capillary cell (26 citations) Capillary cells (11 citations) Zeta cell (3 citations) Plain folded capillary zeta cells (2 citations)

24 protocols using folded capillary zeta cell

Nanoparticle Characterization via DLS

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The hydrodynamic diameters
of PAE–GNPs and PAE–AgNPs were determined via dynamic
light scattering (DLS) using a particle sizer (Corrvus Advanced Optical
Instruments). Hydrodynamic diameters are reported in nanometers (nm).
1,4C–1,4Bis–GNPs were synthesized at a ratio of 100:1
of 1,4C–1,4Bis/HAuCl₄ under UV irradiation. Templated
GNPs were set to concentrations of 4.9, 9.8, 24.4, 48.8, or 97.5 μg/mL
and loaded with between 0 and 250 ng of pGL3 plasmid DNA. Dispersions
were transferred into folded capillary zeta cells (Malvern, Westborough,
MA). Zeta potential values were determined using a Zetasizer Nano
ZS (Malvern).

Ramos J., Potta T., Scheideler O, & Rege K. (2014). Parallel Synthesis of Poly(amino ether)-Templated Plasmonic Nanoparticles for Transgene Delivery. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 6(17), 14861-14873.

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Characterizing NACs by DLS and ELS

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NACs were characterized for the size of droplets by Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) by measuring the z-average parameter. Zeta potential (ZP) was characterized by Electrophoretic Light Scattering (ELS) measurements. Both values were measured using Zetasizer Nano ZS (Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK) in Folded Capillary Zeta Cells (cat. DTS1070, Malvern Panalytical, Malvern, UK). Each measurement was performed five times (five measurements of the same dilution of a test sample) using automatic mode at 25 °C. Unless otherwise stated, NACs were diluted in 1 mM HEPES buffer pH 7 (Serva Electrophoresis GmbH, Heidelberg, Germany) to 0.1% just before the measurement.

Razim A., Pyclik M., Pacyga K., Górska S., Xu J., Olszewski M.A., Gamian A, & Myc A. (2021). Silicone Oil-Based Nanoadjuvants as Candidates for a New Formulation of Intranasal Vaccines. Vaccines, 9(3), 234.

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Lipid Vesicle Zeta Potential Characterization

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Zeta potential measurements were performed on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS device (Malvern, United Kingdom) using the folded capillary zeta cells (Malvern Panalytical Ltd, United Kingdom). LUVs of desired lipid composition were prepared by extrusion through 100 nm pore sized polycarbonate membranes (Whatmann/GE Healthcare). Before loading the sample, the cells were flushed with MilliQ water, followed by HEPES buffer. Measurements were taken using 0.1 mM lipids in 20 mM HEPES buffer containing 150 mM NaCl and 1 mM TECP; pH 7.4 at 25 °C. For TIL conjugation, LUVs (0.02 mg/ml) were reacted with TIL (100 nM) for 8 h at room temperature. The zeta potential of the TIL-conjugated LUVs was measured without further dilutions. The zeta potentials were estimated from the electrophoretic mobility using the Smoluchowski equation (67 ).

Mondal S., Narayan K.B., Powers I., Botterbusch S, & Baumgart T. (2020). Endophilin recruitment drives membrane curvature generation through coincidence detection of GPCR loop interactions and negative lipid charge. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 296, 100140.

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Characterization of Lipid-Based Nanocarrier Stability

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Dynamic light scattering (DLS) technique was used to determine the vesicle size (expressed in Z-average) and the polydispersity index (PdI), referring to the heterogeneity or uniformity of the particles in the investigated samples. For the lipid-based nanocarrier systems, PdI values less or equal to 0.3 are considered the indicator of a monodisperse distribution [28 (link)]. The studied samples were accepted as a suitable formulation around or below this value. 1 mL was investigated from each sample in folded capillary zeta cells (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, Worcestershire, UK). Zeta potential is the potential difference between the investigation media and the stationary fluid layer adsorbed to the surface of the particles, and among others, describes the stability of a formulation. Low zeta potential values indicate the aggregation of the dispersed particles, while higher potentials refer to a more stable formulation [36 (link)]. Vesicles with a charge less or equal to 10 mV are considered negatively, more or equal to 10 mV as positively charged, while between these two values as neutral liposomes [37 (link)]. These values were measured via the Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS system (Malvern Panalytical Ltd., Malvern, Worcestershire, UK), equipped with a 633 nm wavelength laser.

Németh Z., Pallagi E., Dobó D.G., Kozma G., Kónya Z, & Csóka I. (2021). An Updated Risk Assessment as Part of the QbD-Based Liposome Design and Development. Pharmaceutics, 13(7), 1071.

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Preparation and Characterization of Dye-Loaded Nanoparticles

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DSs were obtained
both by film hydration and solvent injection.^{41 (link)} Generally, for film hydration, Tris-JD (5 mg) was deposited on the
surface of a glass vial by slow evaporation of a solution in chloroform
(25 mg mL^–1). After vacuum desiccation for ≥2
h, buffer, dye, or protein solution was added, and the film hydrated
at room temperature or 4 °C (depending on the cargo) for up to
4 h. This was followed by 3–5× 10 s vortex cycles at 3000
rpm using a benchtop vortex shaker. DS suspensions were then extruded
31 times through a 100 or 200 nm polycarbonate membrane (Whatman Nucleopore
track-etched membranes) using the Avanti Mini Extruder kit. Exact
protocols for each experiment will be detailed in the relevant section.
All dynamic light scattering (DLS) and zeta-potential measurements
were performed with a Malvern Instruments particle sizer (Zetasizer
Nano ZS, Malvern Instruments, UK) equipped with 4 mW He–Ne
laser 633 nm and avalanche photodiode positioned at 173° to the
beam. All experiments were conducted in PMMA cuvettes (Malvern, UK)
at 25 °C. Experiments were performed in triplicate. DSs measured
by DLS and zeta-potential had been extruded using a 200 nm membrane.
For zeta-potential measurements, samples were diluted in a 1:20 ratio
in 300 mM sucrose. All experiments were conducted in folded capillary
zeta cells (Malvern, UK).

Potter M., Najer A., Klöckner A., Zhang S., Holme M.N., Nele V., Che J., Massi L., Penders J., Saunders C., Doutch J.J., Edwards A.M., Ces O, & Stevens M.M. (2020). Controlled Dendrimersome Nanoreactor System for Localized Hypochlorite-Induced Killing of Bacteria. ACS Nano, 14(12), 17333-17353.

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Colloidal Stability of CHEM, 1C and 4a_ZnO NCs

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The colloidal stability of CHEM, 1C and 4a_ZnO NCs was determined by zeta potential (ZP) and hydrodynamic diameter measurements. The nanoparticles zeta potential and size distributions were determined with Zetasizer Nano Series (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, Great Britain) for samples at 62.5, 125, 250, 500 and 1000 µg/mL. Moreover, the impact of time (1, 2, 4 and 7 days of investigation) was included. Before the analysis, the samples were mixed on the vortex (Vortex Genie 2; IKA® Poland) for 5 min and sonicated for 10 min using the ultrasonic cleaner (USC THD model with 45 kHz ultrasonic frequency and degassing function, VWR International, Poland). For the hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential measurements, the YV Grade cuvette and Folded Capillary Zeta Cells (Malvern Panalytical, Great Britain) were applied, respectively. All measurements were performed in triplicate. The obtained experimental data were calculated as an average value and presented with a standard deviation.

Król-Górniak A., Railean V., Pomastowski P., Płociński T., Gloc M., Dobrucka R., Kurzydłowski K.J, & Buszewski B. (2023). Comprehensive study upon physicochemical properties of bio-ZnO NCs. Scientific Reports, 13, 587.

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Nanoparticle Characterization via Zetasizer

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Parameters were measured using Malvern Zetasizer Nano Series instrument (Milan, Italy) (software provided by Malvern) as follows: all samples were resuspended in sterile water and transferred to disposable cuvettes (10 mm path length) for Hydrodynamic diameter (Dh) and polydispersity index (PdI) analyses. Zeta potential was measured in sterile water using Folded Capillary Zeta Cell (Malvern).

Bulgarini A., Lampis S., Turner R.J, & Vallini G. (2020). Biomolecular composition of capping layer and stability of biogenic selenium nanoparticles synthesized by five bacterial species. Microbial Biotechnology, 14(1), 198-212.

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Characterization of Functionalized TiO2 Nanoparticles

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Hydrodynamic diameter and zeta potential of the suspensions were both determined with the Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS. Particle measurements were performed in a 2 cm path-length quartz cuvette and a folded capillary zeta cell (Malvern Instruments Ltd), respectively. A triplicate of each sample was diluted to 0.01 mg mL⁻¹ TiO₂ to produce an optically clear solution of the particles in DPBS for dynamic light scattering (DLS) and deionized water (diH₂O) for zeta potential measurements. Z-Average size and polydispersity index (PDI) of the TiO₂ NAGs were obtained with an average of 12 runs. TEM was performed to validate morphology and size of the coated particles. Quantification of protein coating was carried out using a Pierce BCA Protein Assay Kit to determine Tf concentration (1) before coating, (2) amount remaining in the supernatant after coating and centrifugation, and (3) the amount remaining in the centrifuged particle sample. Long-term stability was quantified using three separate 2 mL samples at 1 mg mL⁻¹ of Sigma-Aldrich Tf–TiO₂, prepared in water. These were stored at 4 °C and 100 μL samples were diluted to 0.01 mg mL⁻¹ in water and analysed on DLS as described above.

Lane D.D., Black K.C., Raliya R., Reed N., Kotagiri N., Gilson R., Tang R., Biswas P, & Achilefu S. (2020). Effects of core titanium crystal dimension and crystal phase on ROS generation and tumour accumulation of transferrin coated titanium dioxide nanoaggregates. RSC Advances, 10(40), 23759-23766.

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Comprehensive Characterization of V-AgNPs

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V-AgNPs were characterized by dynamic light scattering (DLS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) coupled with energy dispersive X-ray (EDX) detector. For DLS, the original suspension of V-AgNPs was diluted 20 times (50 μl–1000 μl) with milliQ water and 1 ml of diluted suspension was analyzed using Malvern Zetasizer Nano ZS90 (Malvern, UK) for determining hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity index (PDI). The zeta potential of the nanoparticles was measured using folded capillary zeta cell provided by Malvern, UK. Further, in order to visualize the V-AgNPs by TEM, a drop of diluted suspension was put on carbon coated copper mesh grid and analyzed using FEI Tecnai T20 G2 TEM at 200 kV voltage. Similarly, for elemental mapping, a drop of original V-AgNPs suspension was put on a carbon tape on an aluminum stub. After overnight drying, the dried nanoparticles were analyzed using Quanta FEG 200 ESEM microscope equipped with EDX detector. Silver content was confirmed by focusing on particular spot having maximum number of nanoparticles.

Joshi A.S., Bapat M.V., Singh P, & Mijakovic I. (2024). Viridibacillus culture derived silver nanoparticles exert potent anticancer action in 2D and 3D models of lung cancer via mitochondrial depolarization-mediated apoptosis. Materials Today Bio, 25, 100997.

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Liposomal Geraniol Stability at Different Temperatures

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The stability test for the 14:0 PC (DMPC)
and 18:0 PC (DSPC) with the encapsulated geraniol was performed for
4 weeks. The impact of the storage temperature on the liposomes’
stability was evaluated at 4, 20, and 39 °C. The 4 and 20 °C
temperatures were chosen as they are common refrigeration and room
temperatures. In both temperatures, a wide variety of biological,
pharmacological, and agricultural products that include liposomal
formulations can be stored over a long period and their stability
in the final product is a prerequisite. The 39 °C storage temperature
was chosen as it is the temperature encountered in pig GIT. Samples
were collected the first day of the liposome formulation and every
7 days and were measured for their size, PDI, and ζ-potential.
Ten microliters of the liposomal suspension was collected and added
to 990 μL of PBS (1:100 dilution) and filtered through a 20
μm Millipore filter (Merck, Darmstadt, DE). The final sample
was measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) on a Zetasizer Nano-ZS
(Malvern Instruments Ltd., UK). For the mean particle’s size
and PDI measurements, a 1 mL disposable cuvette (Merck, UK) was used,
while the Folded Capillary Zeta Cell (Malvern Panalytical, DE) was
used for the determination of ζ potential. A fixed scattering
angle of 137° was used to measure all the physicochemical characteristics
of liposomes.

Ekonomou S.I., Akshay Thanekar P., Lamprou D.A., Weaver E., Doran O, & Stratakos A.C. (2022). Development of Geraniol-Loaded Liposomal Nanoformulations against Salmonella Colonization in the Pig Gut. Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry, 70(23), 7004-7014.

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