2 2 azinobis 3 ethylbenzthiazoline 6 sulphonate

NaOH, AlCl₃, NaNO₂, 2,2′-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), gallic acid, Na₂CO₃, 2,2′-Azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS), potassium persulfate, potassium ferricyanide, ferric chloride, and trichloroacetic acid were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Technology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China) Rutin, methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) and Vitamin C (Vc) were purchased from Shanghai Yuanye Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China), while foline-phenol, β-sitosterol, and vanillin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (St. Louis, MI, USA). Assay kits for LDH, MDA, SOD, and GSH-PX were bought from Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). RPMI-1640 culture medium, phosphate buffer solution (0.01 M, pH 7.2), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and 0.05%Trypsin-EDTA were purchased from Gibco (Grand Island, NY, USA), while fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Huzhou, China). ROS assay kit and 30% H₂O₂ solution were gained from Beijing Solarbio Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All organic reagents used in the experiments, including petroleum ether (bp. 60–90 °C), ethyl acetate, n-butanol, and 95% ethanol, were of analytical grade.

Nano-diamond, FeCl₃, H₂SO₄ and HNO₃, 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), 1,2-diaminobenzene (OPD), 2,2′-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate) (ABTS), L-γ-glutamyl-L-cysteinylglycine (GSH), thiourea were purchased from Macklin reagent Co.,Ltd. (Shanghai, China), Human serum albumin (HAS), Bovine serum albumin (BSA), ascorbic acid (AA), glycine (Gly), L-lysine (Lys), L-serine (Ser), D/L-cysteine(D-Cys, L-Cys), glucose, sodium chloride, calcium chloride, cupric sulfate, ferric chloride, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, tartaric acid, choline chloride were purchased from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co. Ltd. NaN₃ was purchased fromTianjin Fuchen Chemical Reagent Factory. H₂O₂ was purchased from Xilong Scientific Co., Ltd. sodium chloride, calcium chloride, cupric sulfate, ferric chloride, potassium chloride, zinc sulfate, magnesium sulfate, tartaric acid, choline chloride was purchased fromSinopharm ChemicalReagent Co., Ltd. Sodium acetate buffer (0.1 M, pH = 4.0) were freshly prepared before use. All solutions prepared for purified water are derived from Wahaha purified water (China).

Chitosan (deacetylation ≥ 90%) and pectin (purity ≥ 65.0%) were purchased from Yuanye (Shanghai, China). 2,2′-azinobis-3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonate (ABTS) and 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) were obtained from Macklin (Shanghai, China). Gallic acid (purity ≥ 98%) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Curcumin was obtained from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). Fresh pork was purchased from a local supermarket in Guangzhou, China. All other reagents used were analytic grade.