The oropharynx samples were collected using sterile swabs, which were transferred to brain heart infusion broth (BHIB) (HiMedia®, Mumbai, India) for the identification of coagulase-positive staphylococci (CoPS), tetrathionate broth (HiMedia®, Mumbai, India) for the identification of Enterobacteriaceae, and Sabouraud broth (HiMedia®, Mumbai, India) for the identification of yeasts. All samples were transported in a polystyrene box, suitably sealed to the Laboratory of Microbiology and Immunology of the Centro Acadêmico of Vitória, at the Federal University of Pernambuco (CAV/UFPE), and incubated at 35 ± 2°C for 24 h for later identification of the microorganisms.
Tetrathionate broth
Manufactured by HiMedia
Sourced in India
Tetrathionate broth is a microbiological culture medium used for the selective enrichment of Salmonella species. It provides the necessary nutrients and selective agents to support the growth of Salmonella while inhibiting the growth of other bacteria.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Sabouraud broth, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Buffered peptone water (bpw), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Buffered peptone water (bpw), by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Triple sugar iron agar, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Xylose lysine deoxycholate agar, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Salmonella shigella agar, by BD (1 mentions)
Sim medium, by BD (1 mentions)
Urea agar, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Simmons citrate agar, by HiMedia (1 mentions)
Lysine iron agar, by BD (1 mentions)
4 protocols using tetrathionate broth
1
Oropharynx Sampling for Microbial Identification
2
Rapid Detection of Salmonella and Shigella in Food and Environment
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Fifty food and environmental samples obtained from various localities in Mysore region were assessed for the presence of Salmonella enterica and Shigella species following standard enrichment and isolation procedures and also by multiplex PCR method (Table 3 ). For this 25 g of sample was aseptically cultured in 225 mL of Lactose broth and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. About 1 mL of sample was transferred to 9 mL of tetrathionate broth (Himedia, India) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Subsequently, a loopful of broth was streaked on surface of SDA, SSA and XLD agar (Himedia, India) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 h. Further, biochemical tests were carried out by conventional methods for suspected isolates (Wallace and Thomas, 1998 ). Genomic DNA (1.5 μL) prepared from 1 mL enrichment broth (short enrichment incubation step of 5 h in peptone water) by boiling lysis method was used in multiplex PCR.
3
Isolation of Salmonella from Food Samples
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For isolation of Salmonella, about 25 g of the sample was aseptically added to Buffered Peptone Water (BPW) (Himedia, India) and incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The next day, 100 μL sample from BPW (Oxoid, UK) was added to 10mL of Tetrathionate broth (Himedia, India) containing Potassium Iodide and Iodine solution as recommended by the manufacturers. The tubes were incubated at 37 °C for 24 hours. The day after incubation, 100 μL of liquid sample from Tetrathionate broth was streaked over the surface of the Salmonella-Shigella (SS) agar and Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar and incubated 37 °C for 24 hours. The plates were observed for positive growth the day after incubation.
4
Isolation and Identification of Salmonella
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The samples for Salmonella isolation and identification were tested using the ISO 6579 protocol. After incubation, the pre‐enriched media (TSB) were cultured in a ratio of 1:10 on tetrathionate broth (HiMedia, LOT no. M032) and in a ratio of 1:100 on Rappaport Vassiliadis medium (HiMedia, LOT no. M880), followed by incubation at 37 and 42°C, respectively. After the incubation period, the cultures were streaked on xylose–lysine–deoxycholate agar (Merck, LOT no. 105287) and Salmonella‐Shigella agar (BD, LOT no. 274500) media. Suspected colonies for Salmonella spp. (H2S‐producing and non‐lactose fermenter colonies) were selected for confirmatory biochemical tests. Isolates were cultured on Triple Sugar–Iron agar (HiMedia, LOT no. 211825), SIM medium (BD, LOT no. 211578), urea agar (Merck, LOT no. 108492), lysine iron agar (BD, LOT no. 211363), Simmons citrate agar (HiMedia, LOT no. M099) and Methyl Red‐Voges Proskauer broth (HiMedia, LOT no. GM070) for further confirmation of Salmonella spp. ONPG disks (HiMedia, LOT no. DD008) were used to detect the beta‐galactosidase activity of late lactose fermenters (Bahramianfard et al., 2021 (link)).
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