Tgf β1

BBD was obtained from Shanghai Pharmaceuticals Holding Co., Ltd, Shanghai, China, and dissolved in normal saline (NS). Diethylnitrosamine (DEN) was diluted in normal water at a concentration of 1:10,000 (v/v). Hydroxyproline Testing Kit (A030-2) was bought form Jiancheng, Nanjing, China. The antibody of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) (ab5694, Abcam), Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) (ab22048, Abcam), pIKKα/β(2697, Cell Signaling), IKKα/β(sc-7607, Santa Cruz), pIκBα(2859, Cell Signaling), IκBα(4812, Cell Signaling), pERK1/2 (4370, Cell Signaling), ERK1/2 (4695, Cell Signaling), Cyclin D1 (ab134175,abcam) and GAPDH (AP0063, Bioworld) were used for western blot or cellular immunofluorescence staining. LPS (H178, Jiancheng, Nanjing, China), IL-6 (H007, Jiancheng, Nanjing, China), TGF-β1(H034, Jiancheng, Nanjing, China), TNF-α (H052, Jiancheng, Nanjing, China), MCP-1 (H115, Jiancheng, Nanjing, China) were used for endotoxin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) test. LPS was purchased from Sigma.

Plantaginis Semen was purchased from Tongrentang Chinese Medicine (Beijing, China). Adenine, yeast powder, and allopurinol tablets were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (USA), Chengxin Biotechnology Co., Ltd., and Linfen Qilin Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., respectively. The detection kits of urine protein, UA, BUN, Cr, and enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA) for the measurement of TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β and CBB were purchased from the Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute (Nanjing, China). Antibodies TGF-β1, TNF-α, and IL-1β were provided by Beijing Bioss Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China).

Silver carp skin was supplied by Hubei Zhongke Agriculture Co., Ltd. (Jingzhou, China). Alcalase, papain and trypsin were purchased from Novozymes (Beijing, China). Collagen type I from rat tail tendon, pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa and pancreatin from porcine were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (Shanghai, China). Foetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco modified Eagle's minimal essential medium (DMEM), penicillin, streptomycin, non‐essential amino acids (NEAA) and Hank's buffered saline solution (HBSS) were purchased from Gibco (Life Technologies, Grand Island, NY, USA). The BCA protein assay kit was purchased from Beijing Solarbio Science and Technology Co., ltd. (Beijing, China). Mouse cytokine array kits were obtained from R&D systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Commercial kits used for determination of TGF‐β₁, VEGF, PF4, GMP‐140, β‐thromboglobulin (β‐TG) and serotonin (5‐HT) were purchased from Jiancheng Institute of Biotechnology (Nanjing, China). The mouse antibodies against TGF‐β₁, type I collagen and GAPDH were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Other chemicals used were analytical grade or better.