The sampling method was based on the FDA/CDC/ASM
11
and Dutch guidelines
12
and described in our previous study
10 (link)
. Samples of the distal tip and working/suction channel were acquired immediately after decontamination and after overnight storage in the PlasmaBAG. Two samples were collected at each sampling moment: 1) a swab sample (eSwab, COPAN, Brescia, Italy) from the distal tip; and 2) a flush-brush-flush (FBF) sample from the suction and working channel. The FBF sample consisted of two flushes with 20 mL of sterile water and a brush of the channels (CS5522A, Pentax Medical, Dodewaard, The Netherlands). A neutralizing solution (Dey-Engley broth, NutriSelect Plus, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany) was added in a 1:1 ratio to both samples. The swab solution was poured onto a tryptic soy agar plate and the FBF sample was filtered and placed on an R2A agar plate. After 3 days of incubation at 35 °C, colony-forming units (CFUs) were counted per sample with a maximum of 100 CFUs/sample.