Methanol, n-hexane, and Acetone (Loba chemie, Mumbai, India) were used to prepare the solvent extracts. Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO; Riedel-de Haën, Seelze, Germany) and Mueller–Hinton broth (Himedia, Maharashtra, India) were used for the antimicrobial screening experiments.
Reagents used for the quantitative and qualitative assessments (ninhydrin solution, Benedict’s reagent, Millon’s reagent, magnesium ribbon, iodine, sulphuric acid, acetic acid, and Molish’s reagent) were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK). NaHCO3, FeCl3, vanillin, HCl, gallic acid, quercetin, sodium nitrite, AlCl3, and chloroform were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Trolox was purchase from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) was ((s)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl chroman-2-carboxylic acid)), while DPPH reagent (2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). For the cytotoxicity test, RPMI-1640 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) medium was brought from Sigma-Norwich (Norfolk, UK). Pen-Strep solution, which consists of streptomycin and penicillin in concentrations of 10 mg/mL and 10,000 units/mL, respectively, was brought from BI (New Delhi, India), the L-glutamine solution was brought from Sigma (Welwyn Garden, UK), and the MTS reagent was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).
Reagents used for the quantitative and qualitative assessments (ninhydrin solution, Benedict’s reagent, Millon’s reagent, magnesium ribbon, iodine, sulphuric acid, acetic acid, and Molish’s reagent) were obtained from Alfa Aesar (Lancashire, UK). NaHCO3, FeCl3, vanillin, HCl, gallic acid, quercetin, sodium nitrite, AlCl3, and chloroform were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). Trolox was purchase from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) was ((s)-6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethyl chroman-2-carboxylic acid)), while DPPH reagent (2,2-diphenyl-1-1-picrylhydrazyl) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Schnelldorf, Germany). For the cytotoxicity test, RPMI-1640 (Roswell Park Memorial Institute) medium was brought from Sigma-Norwich (Norfolk, UK). Pen-Strep solution, which consists of streptomycin and penicillin in concentrations of 10 mg/mL and 10,000 units/mL, respectively, was brought from BI (New Delhi, India), the L-glutamine solution was brought from Sigma (Welwyn Garden, UK), and the MTS reagent was purchased from Promega (Madison, WI, USA).