Dma q800 analyzer

DMA Q800 analyzer (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) was used to perform dynamical mechanical tests. The measurements were carried out in the single cantilever bending mode with 1 Hz frequency of an oscillatory deformation on printed TPU samples (40 × 10 × 2 mm³ dimension), at the temperature range of −100 °C to 150 °C (heating rate 4 °C min⁻¹). The storage modulus (G’), loss modulus (G’’), and damping factor (tangent δ) were determined as a function of temperature.

DMA of composites was performed in tensile mode using a DMA Q800 Analyzer TA Instruments (New Castle, DE, USA). Calibration was performed as per the manufacturer’s recommendations included in Advantage Software, version 5.5.24 (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). The experiments were carried out on rectangular samples of dimensions close to 3 mm thick, 10 mm wide, and 60 mm long. Experimental conditions employed were a frequency of 1 Hz and amplitude of 10 μm with the scanning air temperature range from −100 °C to 127 °C and a temperature ramp of 3 °C/min. The variations of storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and tangent delta (tan δ) versus temperature were determined.

DMA tests use a DMA Q800 analyzer (TA Instrument, USA) to perform a three-point bending test at a heating rate of 5°C/min and a load frequency of 1 Hz. A rectangular sample with a size of 60 × 10 × 2 mm³ was used for measurements in the range of 25–200°C.

Dynamic mechanical analysis of bio-TPU obtained in [NCO]/[OH] molar ratio equaled 1.0 was performed according to ASTM D4065:2012 using a DMA Q800 Analyzer (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA) under nitrogen atmosphere. The measurements were made at a temperature range from −100 to +120 °C, at an operating frequency of 10 Hz. The heating rate was 4 °C/min. The dimension of rectangular samples was ca. 18 × 10 mm, and a thickness of 3 mm. The values of storage modulus (E′), loss modulus (E″), and glass transition temperature of soft segments, T_gSS (based on the dependence of tanδ upon temperature) were also determined.

Dynamic mechanical analysis of bio-TPU was performed using a DMA Q800 Analyzer (TA Instruments, New Castle, DE, USA). Measurements were carried out according to ASTM D4065:2012 [22 ]. Measurements were taken in the three-point bending mode at an operating frequency of 10 Hz. The measurements were made at temperatures ranging from −100 to 150 °C with a heating rate of 3 °C/min.

Dynamic Thermal-Mechanical properties were performed using the DMA (DMA Q800 analyzer, TA instruments, USA) in tension mode. The samples used were long strips with dimensions of 1 × 4 mm. The following testing conditions were applied: an amplitude of 20 um, a scanning starting temperature of −80 °C, a termination temperature of 40 °C, and a heating rate of 3 °C/min.

Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra of the films were recorded using an attenuated total refraction (ATR) accessory with a ZnSe plate. Measurements used an FTIR spectrometer (Bruker, Tensor 37, Karlsruhe, Germany) with spectral resolution of 1 cm⁻¹ and 32 scans in the wavelength range of 4000–400 cm⁻¹. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was carried out with a TA Instrument Q600 analyzer (New Castle, DE, USA) under a nitrogen atmosphere in a temperature range of 30–600 °C with a heating rate of 10 °C/min and using platinum pans. Dynamic mechanical analysis (DMA) was performed on a TA Instruments DMA Q800 analyzer (New Castle, DE, USA) in the multifrequency mode using a dual cantilever clamp at 1 Hz in frequency. The samples were tested from –50 to 100 °C with a heating rate of 5 °C/min. The morphology of the composites was observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) using a Hitachi TM-1000 microscope (Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV. Samples were mounted on metal stubs and were vacuum coated with gold at 7 × 10⁻² mbar using argon in an EMS 550 sputter coater. The tensile tests were carried out on a mechanical Zwick/Roell model Z005 tester (Ulm, Germany), with a load cell of 5000 N and at a speed of 50 mm/min. Dog-bone shaped specimens were made according to ASTM D638 [37 ], and five specimens were performed.