Sodium potassium tartrate

Alpha-alanyL-histidine (Ala-His, G-1245) was purchased from Bachem Americas, Inc., (Torrance, CA). 4-Fluoro-7-sulfamoylbenzofurazan (ABD-F) was purchased from Wako Chemicals USA, Inc., (Richmond, VA, USA). L-carnosine (>99%), L-alanine (>98%), L-histidine (>99%), L-glutathione reduced (GSH), glucose, fructose, sucrose, o-phthalaldehyde (OPA, solution complete), 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), diethylenetriaminepentaacetic acid (DTPA), sodium hydroxide, sodium potassium tartrate, sodium potassium tartrate, sodium phosphate dibasic (Na₂HPO₄), sodium chloride (NaCl), potassium chloride (KCl), potassium phosphate monobasic (KH₂PO₄), and sodium azide were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Co., (St. Louis, MO, USA). All solutions were prepared using ultrapure distilled deionized water (18.2 MΩ cm).

All organic solvents, HCL and H₂SO₄ used for the extraction were obtained from RCI Labscan (Samut Sakhon, Thailand). Sodium Hydroxide and FeCl₃ were purchased from Q RëC™ (New Zealand). KOH was purchased from KemAus™ (Cherrybrook, Australia). Dragendorff’s reagent and sodium-potassium tartrate were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). DMSO was purchased from Lab-Scan. Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), RPMI Media 1640, 0.25% trypsin-EDTA (1×), fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin were purchased from GIBCO^® (Invitrogen, Grand Island, NY, USA). FITC-conjugated Annexin V and propidium iodide (PI) were purchased from BioLegend (San Diego, CA, USA). Neutral red (NR) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA). TLC silica gel 60 F₂₅₄ and silica gel 60 (grain fraction 0.2–0.5 mm) were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).