Sd rat

A total of 50 healthy SD rats were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. Twenty-five females and males were each selected and randomly divided into 5 groups: a sham burn group (control group), a resuscitation group, a β4 low-dose group (2 μg), a Tβ4 medium-dose group (6 μg), and a Tβ4 high-dose group (18 μg). There were 10 rats in each group. The control group was immersed in a 37°C water bath for 18 s after scalding, the resuscitation group was intraperitoneally injected with Ringer's lactate solution (4 ml/% TBSA/kg) immediately after scalding, and the treatment group was injected with 2 μg, 6 μg, and 18 μg of Tβ4 solution in the peritoneal cavity of rats, respectively, at the same time. Six hours after scalding, the rats were sacrificed and the myocardial tissue was collected for analysis.

SD rats (8 weeks old; Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd.) were anesthetized and circular defect with the diameter of 4 mm on the right region of skull was created. After that, rats were divided into four groups randomly: (1) wounds without any treatment; (2) wounds covered by SMH hydrogel; (3) wounds treated with Osteobone; (4) wounds treated with SMH/GO-2 hydrogel. All the animal experiments were performed according to the guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals (ethics committee of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology) and animal protocols were approved by the animal care and use committee of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.

C57BL/6J mice (Shanghai Laboratory Animal Co.) and SD rats (Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co.) were raised under a 12:12 h light/dark cycle in a temperature and humidity-controlled room.

The 48 6-week-old male SD rats were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). After fed adaptively for 1 week, rats were randomly divided into 4 groups (n = 12) to receive respectively the following diets ad libitum for 12 weeks: (A) NC (normal control, normal chow diet + ordinary drinking water); (B) M (model, high-fat diet + drinking water contains 10% fructose); (C) HOPO (high oleic acid peanut oil diet, high-fat diet contains 10% HOPO + drinking water contains 10% fructose); and (D) EVOO (extra virgin olive oil diet, high-fat diet contains 10% EVOO + drinking water contains 10% fructose). Compositions of the diets are shown in Table S2. All the diets were purchased from Trophic Animal Feed High-Tech Co. Ltd. (Nantong, China). The rats were kept in a well-ventilated room maintained at 23 ± 2 °C with 12-h light-dark cycles. Their body weight and food and water intake were recorded weekly. Fasting blood-glucose, oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and insulin tolerance test (ITT) were measured at 0, 4, 8 and 12 weeks. Protocols for animal studies were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee of Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. (VR IACUC, Beijing, China, No. P2018036).

A total of 72 male SD rats weighting 200 ± 20 g (Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co. Ltd.) were housed in a room at a constant temperature of 23 ± 3°C, a constant humidity of 50 ± 10%, under a 12 h light/dark cycle. The rats were fed UV-disinfected fodder and drinking water. The animal experiment was approved by the Laboratory Animal Center, Institute of Medicinal Plant Development, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College. The rats were adaptively bred for 1 week in the facility before the experiments.

The SD rats were obtained from the Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China). All rats were 8-week-old males and weighed 279.3±20.6 grams when purchased. The animals were housed in pairs in clean cages with free access to commercial rodent food (Vital River, China) and water. The room was kept at a temperature of 21±1°C, humidity of 55±10% and light 12h on and 12h off. All animals were acclimatized to the environment for 1week.

Forty male SD rats were purchased from Beijing Vital River Laboratory Animal Technology Co. Ltd. (Beijing, China), including 8 6 month old rats and 32 8 month old rats. Experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee of Capital Medical University (No. AEEI-2016-178). All the rats were housed in clear plastic cages in temperature- and light-controlled room (23 ± 2 °C and light cycle of 12 h). Food and water were available ad libitum.