Ethyl alcohol

Methacryol chloride, methyl methacrylate, hydroxylamine hydrochloride, pyridine, diethyl ether, benzoyl peroxide (BP), N-phenyldiethanolamine (NPDEA), and acetonitrile were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich. Ethyl alcohol and hydrochloric acid were obtained from Fisher Scientific. Poly(ethylene glycol)n monomethyl ether monomethacrylate (PEG-MA, n = 1000) was purchased from Polysciences Inc. Small Molecular Activator of PP1 (SMAPP1) was synthesized by ChemoBioCenter (Kiev, Ukraine).

After each treatment, the MDA-MB-231 cells were trypsinized to yield single-cell suspensions and counted. The required number of cells for control and treatment samples was calculated, placed on 60 mm tissue culture dishes and evenly distributed on their surfaces. The cells were grown in culture in the 37 °C humidified incubator with 5% CO₂ for 10–14 days to allow sizeable colonies to form. Once colonies were formed, the dishes were stained and fixed with 0.1% of methylene blue (BioSho, Burlington, Canada) in 70% ethyl alcohol (Fisherbrand, Pittsburgh, USA) for 1 h. The stained dishes were rinsed in tap water and left to air-dry overnight. The air-dried control dishes were then counted to obtain the plating efficiency (PE), where PE = Number of colonies counted/Number of cells plated. The colonies of treatment samples were counted and the survival fractions (SF) were obtained by SF = Number of colonies counted/(Number of cells plated × PE).

Mojonnier method was used to determine the fat content in bovine milk (obtained from the commercial market). In a Mojonnier tube, 10.0 g of milk, 3.0 ml of ammonium hydroxide (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ), and 3–6 drops of phenolphthalein (BCCA Chemical Company, Arlington, TX) were added. Three extractions were performed to extract the majority of the fat. First extraction: 13, 25, and 25 ml of ethyl alcohol (Fisher Scientific, Fair Lawn, NJ), ethylene ether (Fisher Scientific, Geel, Belgium), and petroleum ether (Fisher Scientific, Geel, Belgium) were added, respectively. Then, centrifugation was done for 1 min. Afterward, the colorless portion was removed in preweighed aluminum plates and then dried at a plate heater at low temperatures to avoid burning the sample. Second extraction: The same chemicals were added including ethyl alcohol (C₂H₅OH), ethylene ether (C₄H₁₀O), and petroleum ether (C₆H₁₄) at a rate of 5, 15, and 15 ml, respectively. Subsequently, centrifugation was done followed by pouring the colorless portion. Third extraction: It was similar to the second one. The plates left for 2–3 hr for drying in the oven at 103°C, cooled, and weights were recorded subsequently. This experiment was tri replicated. $\%\text{Fat}=\frac{\text{Final}\text{plate}\text{weight}‐\text{initial}\text{plate}\text{weight}}{\text{Sample}\text{weight}\left(10\mathrm{g}\right)}$

Chlorobenzene (CB, >99.0%), o-xylene (99%), anisole (99%), 1-pentanol (99%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, >99.9%), isopropyl alcohol (IPA, 99.8%), and polyethylene glycol (PEG) were purchased from Acros Organics, Geel, Belgium. Diethyl ether (99.0%) and ethyl alcohol (EtOH 99.99%) were obtained from Fisher Chemical, Hampton, NH, USA. 2-methylpyrazine (2-MP, >99%), polyethyleneimine (PEI, branched; MW = ca. 25,000), and tetrabutylammonium hydroxide 30-hydrate (TBAOH 30% H₂O, 99%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA. FTO glasses, methylammonium iodide (MAI), lead iodide (PbI₂, 99.9985%), and PC₆₁BM (99.0%) were purchased from FrontMaterials Co., Ltd., Taoyuan, Taiwan. All the chemicals were used as received without any treatment.