Phospho amp activated protein kinase thr172 p ampk

Kidney injury molecule 1 (KIM-1) antibody was purchased from R&D Systems, Inc. (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Cluster of differentiation 68 (CD68) antibody was purchased from Serotec (Oxford, UK). Nitrotyrosine antibody was purchased from Trans Genic Inc. (Hyogo, Japan). Nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) antibody was purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1), cleaved caspase 3, phospho-S6 ribosomal protein (Ser 235/236) (p-S6RP), S6RP, phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (Thr172) (p-AMPK), and AMPK antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). p62/SQSTM1 (p62) was obtained from Medical & Biological Laboratories (Tokyo, Japan). β-actin was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Saint Louis, MO, USA).

Lysates of the HBMSC after no pre-conditioning, starvation pre-conditioning, and hypoxia pre-conditioning were submitted for Western blot analysis. The following antibodies were used: Hypoxia-inducible fact 1α (HIF1-α) (Cell Signaling, #36169), phospho-AMP-activated protein kinase (Thr172) (p-AMPK) (Cell Signaling, #50081), AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) (Cell Signaling, #5831), phospho-Akt (Thr308) (p-Akt) (Cell Signaling, #13038), Akt (Cell Signaling, #4685), phospho-mTOR (Ser2481) (p-mTOR) (Cell Signaling, #2974), mTOR (Cell Signaling, #2983), phospho-p44/42-mitogen-activated protein kinase (Thr202/Tyr204) (p-ERK) (Cell Signaling, #4377), p44/42 mitogen-activated protein kinase (ERK) (Cell Signaling, #4695), and GAPDH. Statistical analyses were performed with the Kruskal–Wallis and post-hoc Dunn’s statistical tests.