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22 protocols using pfuultra

1

Yeast Two-Hybrid Assay for Arabidopsis Protein Interactions

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LUH (G12254), SLK1 (G66746) and SLK2 (G10219) cDNA clones were obtained from Arabidopsis Biological Resource Center. The cDNA clones were amplified by PCR with Pfu ultra (Agilent Technologies) and cloned in frame by In-Fusion HD Cloning Plus (Clontech) into vector pGBKT7 (Clontech) at Nde1-Sal1 and pGADT7 (Clontech) at Nde1-BamH1 sites to generate Gal4-BD and Gal4-AD fusions respectively. The LUFS domain (1-88 amino acids) was PCR amplified from LUH cDNA and cloned in frame by In-Fusion HD Cloning Plus into vector pGBKT7 at Nde1-Sal1 site. The histone gene H3 (AT5G65360), H4 (AT5G59690), H2A (AT5G54640) and H2B (AT1G07790) were amplified from total RNA by RT-PCR with respective primers and inserted into vector pGADT7 at Nde1-BamH1site by In-Fusion HD Cloning Plus to generate Gal4-AD fusion. All the sequences were verified by sequencing. The yeast two hybrid interaction assays were performed in Y2H Gold (Clontech) yeast strain according to manufacturer’s protocol and reference 14. The primer sequences are listed in Additional file 6: Table S2.
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2

Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Fv1 and Fv7 Genes

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A PCR based strategy was used to introduce site directed changes to the
Fv1 or Fv7 genes. 10 ng of plasmid
carrying the gene was used together with 150 ng of each primer containing the
altered sequence and spanning the site to be mutated. The reaction was performed
using PfuUltra (Agilent) with 18 cycles of denaturation at 95°C for 30 seconds,
55°C for 1 minute and 68°C for 9 minutes 30 seconds. The reaction mixture was
then digested with DpnI (New England BioLabs) for 1 hour before using 4 μl for
the transformation of XL10 gold ultracompetent cells (Agilent). Colonies were
screened for the mutation and verified by sequencing.
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3

Transposon Mutagenesis and Colony Assay

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A list of all plasmids and references is provided (Table 1). Catalytic mutants were chosen based on the alignment of the TcBuster transposase to other hAT-family transposases in previously published studies [5 (link), 22 ]. Each mutant is identical to pCMV-HA-TcBuster [10 (link)] except for the relevant codon as confirmed by sequencing (Genewiz), GAC->AAC for D to N mutations or GAA ->CAA for E to Q. Overlap PCR was used to make D223N from pCMV-HA-TcBuster with primers 5’TGCGGATTCACTTTGCAGATGaACGAGTCCACCGACGTAGCAG and 5’CTGCTACGTCGGTGGACTCGTTCATCTGCAAAGTGAATCCGCA. The D289N was ordered as a TURBOmutant changing the relevant codon in pCMV-HA-TcBuster from GAC to AAC (Genewiz). pCMV-HA-TcB-E589Q was generated by PCR of pCMV-TcBuster with primers 5’-GAGTGCGGAAACGTTGATAC and 5’GCCACGTATACAGAAAAAGATTTTTGACAAAGG using the enzyme PfuUltra to make a 220 bp product (Agilent Technologies). The PCR product was introduced into pCMV-HA-TcBuster through directional ligation with Quick Ligase of the BstZ17I and ClaI digested insert and vector (New England Biolabs). Constructs were verified by sequencing (Genewiz). The colony assay was performed in HEK-293 cells transfected with 900 ng of transposon and 100 ng of transposase in triplicate 6-wells as previously described [7 (link)].
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4

Myb-Responsive Dual-Reporter Assay

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The mutant tAD fragments were transferred to pYES2‐hcM, a yeast expression vector pYES2 (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) into which a full‐length cDNA encoding human c‐Myb was inserted between its KpnI+NotI sites. The pYES2‐hcM contains the URA3 gene for selection in yeast and 2µ origin for high‐copy maintenance. Flanking the MCS is an inducible pGAL1 promotor and the CYC1 transcription terminator. The reporter plasmid was a derivative of pYHLfus‐3xGG [50], where a fusion of HIS3 and lacZ is driven by a synthetic Myb‐responsive promoter. The gene cassette with the dual‐reporter and its Myb‐responsive promoter was amplified by PCR using PfuUltra™ (Agilent, Santa Clara, CA, USA) and primers where a second BsrGI site was introduced through one of the primers. The purified PCR product was digested with BsrGI and inserted in pGADT7 (Clontech, Takara Bio Europe SAS, Saint‐Germain‐en‐Laye, France) digested with the same enzyme, resulting in the reporter pGADT7‐HLfus‐3xGG, where the selection marker is LEU2.
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5

Immunofluorescence Microscopy Techniques

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Anti-FAK[pY397] was from BD Biosciences. Anti-tubulin antibody was from Sigma. DyLight 549 conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) was from Thermo Scientific. Fibronectin and recombinant human EGF were from Akron Biotech; Growth factor reduced Matrigel was from BD Bioscience. Pfu Ultra was from Agilent Technologies. Cold Fusion Cloning Kit was from System Biosciences (Palo Alto, CA). Anti-GFP monoclonal antibody and Safectine RU50 transfection kit were purchased from Syd Labs (Malden, MA). DNA primers were synthesized by Sigma-Aldria.
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6

Molecular Cloning of FPR Receptors

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cDNAs of human FPR2/ALX and FPR1 (Missouri S&T cDNA Resource Center) were amplified by PCR (PfuUltra hotstart turbo, Agilent Technologies) and ligated into N-terminal signal sequence FLAG-tagged vectors (gift from Mark Von Zastrow, University of California, San Francisco (UCSF)). All truncations, point mutations, and amino acid additions were introduced by site-directed mutagenesis (PfuUltra, Agilent technologies). EGFP-β-Arr1, EGFP-β-Arr2, and EGFP-RAB5 were kind gifts from Prof. Mark von Zastrow (UCSF). EGFP-Rab11 was a kind gift from Dr. Rey Carabeo (University of Aberdeen).
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7

Cloning and Transgenesis of aub in Drosophila

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WT and RK versions of aub were amplified with PfuUltra (Agilent) using previously published laboratory constructs as template (9 (link)) and the following primers CACCAATTTACCACCAAACCCTGTAAT and TTACAAAAAGTACAATTGATTCTGC. Amplicons were directionally cloned into pENTR/D-TOPO (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and recombined into Gateway vector pPHW (Drosophila Genomics Research Center). P-element–based Drosophila transgenesis followed (Genetic Services, Inc.).
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8

Site-directed mutagenesis of FKRP gene

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The “Quick-Change” site-directed mutagenesis kit (Agilent) was used to introduce point mutations in the FKRP cDNA (Esapa et al., 2002 (link)). All constructs were verified by Sanger sequencing. The primers used to make the panel of FKRP mutants are shown in the Supplementary Table S1. Expression constructs for live cell imaging were generated from full length FKRP (wild type and those carrying single missense mutations) by PCR amplification using Pfu Ultra (Agilent) with the forward primer 5′-CGGGAA​TTCTGC​CCA​TGC​GGC​TCA​CCC​GCT​GC and the reverse primer 5′-CCGGAA​TTCGAC​CGC​CTG​TCA​AGC​TTA​AGA​G (EcoRI sites underlined). PCR products were sub-cloned into the EcoRI site of pEYFP-N1 vector (Clontech) fusing the fluorescent protein tag to the luminal C-terminus of FKRP. Myc-tagged constructs were generated as described previously (Esapa et al., 2005 (link)).
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9

Antibodies and Reagents for Talin Research

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Anti-talin1 (clone 97H6) and anti-talin2 (clone 53.8) antibodies were from AbD Serotec. Anti-talin2 rabbit polyclonal antibody (PB9961) was from Boster (Pleasanton, CA). Anti-tubulin (C-terminus) mouse monoclonal antibody (TP1691) was from ECM Biosciences (Versailles, KY). Anti-GAPDH goat polyclonal antibody (A00191) was from Genescript (Piscataway, NJ). pLKO1 lentivirus shRNAs that respectively target talin1 and talin2 were from Sigma. Talin1 shRNA clones are TRCN0000123105 (#1), TRCN0000299020 (#2) and TRCN0000299022 (#3). Talin2 shRNA clones are TRCN0000122990 (#1) and TRCN0000122992 (#2). LentiCRISPRv2 and pSpCas9(BB)-2A-Puro V2.0, which were generated by Dr. Feng Zhang’s Laboratory [39 (link)], were from Addgene. Alexa488-labeled gelatin and Red FluoSpheres were from Life Technologies. Dylight 680 labeled goat anti-rabbit IgG (H+L) and Dylight 800-labeled goat anti-mouse IgG (H+L) were from Thermo Scientific. Fibronectin were from Akron Biotech. Growth factor- reduced Matrigel was from BD Bioscience. Pfu Ultra was from Agilent Technologies. Cold Fusion Cloning Kit was from System Biosciences (Palo Alto, CA). Anti-GFP monoclonal antibody and Safectine RU50 transfection kit were purchased from Syd Labs (Malden, MA). Standard VECTASTAIN ABC kit and ImmPACT DAB substrate kit were from Vector Laboratories, Inc. DNA primers were synthesized by Sigma-Aldrich.
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10

Construction of pCR2.1-TOPOmini Plasmid

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Plasmids used in this study are listed in Table 1. To create pCR2.1-TOPOmini, which lacks the KanR cassette, primers TOPO2.1mini_Fwd_NcoI and TOPO2.1mini_Rev_NcoI (Table S4) were used to amplify the backbone of the plasmid pCR2.1-TOPO. The amplified product was cut with NcoI and self-ligated. Standard protocols were used for the isolation of chromosomal DNA, DNA digestion, electrophoresis, and electroporation (Sambrook et al., 1989 ). Enzymes for DNA manipulations were obtained from Promega (Fitchburg, WI), New England Biosciences (Ipswich, MA) or Fermentas (Pittsburg, PA). Plasmid isolations and gel purifications were performed using appropriate kits (Qiagen, Germantown, MD). PCR amplification was performed using ExTaq polymerase, Primestar polymerase (Takara Shuzo, Kyoto, Japan) or PFU Ultra (Agilent Technologies, Madison, WI) and appropriate buffers on 100 ng Xenorhabdus chromosomal template-DNA, 0.2 μM each primer, 0.4 mM dNTPs, and 2.5 U of polymerase. After 2 min incubation at 95°C, 30 cycles of 20 s at 95°C, 30 s at an annealing temperature appropriate for each primer pair, and 60-s kb−1 at 72°C, were conducted, followed by 7 min incubation at 72°C.
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