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Phosphor p38

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States

Phosphor-p38 is a laboratory equipment product designed to detect and quantify the phosphorylated form of the p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) protein. It is used in cellular and biochemical assays to study signaling pathways and cellular responses.

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6 protocols using phosphor p38

1

Hepatoprotective Mechanisms of Antioxidants

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EZ-Cytox reagent and KC (≥98%, HPLC) came from Dogenbio (Seoul, Korea) and ChemFaces (Wuhan, China), respectively. APAP, silymarin, tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (tBHP), ImmunoHistoMountTM, LY294002 PI3K/Akt inhibitor, ML385 Nrf2 inhibitor, and O8 OGG1 inhibitor came from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). 6-carboxy-2′,7′-dichlorodihydrofluorescein diacetate (carboxy-H2DCFDA, C400) came from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Antibodies for 8-Oxoguanine DNA Glycosylase (OGG1), Nrf2, Bcl-2, Bax, phosphor-p38, phosphor-JNK, and β-actin came from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Antibodies for caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, Akt, phosphor-Akt, and phosphor-ERK came from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Beverly, MA, USA). JC-1 dye and MEBCYTO apoptosis kits came from Thermo Scientific (Rockford, IL, USA) and MBL International (Nagoya, Japan), respectively. Horse serum, ImmPRESSTM HRP, and 3-amino-9-ethylcarbazole (AEC) peroxidase substrate came from Vector laboratory (Burlingame, CA, USA). All other chemicals used were of reagent grade and came from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA) unless otherwise stated.
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2

Myricitrin Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis

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Myricitrin was obtained from ChemFaces(Wuhan, China, CAS No.17912‐87‐7). Recombinant human macrophage colony‐stimulating factor (M‐CSF) and human RANKL were obtained from PeproTech EC, Ltd. (London, UK). Rabbit antibody against NFATc1 was purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). Rabbit antibody against c‑Fos was purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA). The XTT assay kit was obtained from Roche (Indianapolis, IN, USA). Western blot antibodies for phosphor‐AKT, phosphor‐ERK, ERK, phosphor‐JNK, JNK, phosphor‐p38 and p38 were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA); β‐actin antibody was purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich, Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA).
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3

Immunoblotting Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Cells with various treatments were collected and lysed in lysed buffer (150 mM NaCl, 1% Nonidet P-40 (NP-40), 50 mM Tris-Cl). The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) protein assay (Pierce Biotechnology, Rockford, IL, USA) was used to test protein content. Proteins were fractionated on SDS-PAGE, transferred to nitrocellulose membranes, and probed with antibodies against Cx43 (synthetic peptide corresponding to the C-terminal segment of the cytoplasmic domain of human/rat Cx43, C6219, Sigma-Aldrich), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. Santa Cruz, CA, USA), phosphor-ERK (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), p38 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), phosphor-p38 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), c-jun N terminal kinase (JNK) (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.), phosphor-JNK (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc.) or monoclonal antibodies against β-actin (Sigma-Aldrich). Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse IgG or anti-rabbit IgG were used as the secondary antibody and protein-antibody complexes were visualized by enhanced chemiluminescence system 17 (link).
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4

Cellular Apoptosis Mechanisms in DMEM Culture

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Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) was obtained from HyClone Laboratories (Logan, UT, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was purchased from Trans Gen. Biotech (TRANS, Beijing, China). Trypsin, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and agarose were obtained from Beijing Solarbio Science & Technology. CCK-8 cell viability assay kit was purchased from Beijing Zoman Biotechnology Co., Ltd. Annexin V-FITC Apoptosis Detection Kit was purchased from Hangzhou MultiSciences Biotech Co., Ltd. ROS detection kit, mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit (JC-1), and Hoechst 33342 staining kit were purchased from Jiangsu Beyotime Institute of Biotechnology. Antibody against caspase-9 was obtained from Proteintech Group (CHI, USA). Antibodies specific for caspase-3, cytochrome c, Bcl-2, Bax, phosphor-ERK, ERK, phosphor-p38, p38, phosphor-JNK, JNK, and actin were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (CA, USA). All other chemical agents were of analytical grade unless otherwise specified.
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5

Protein Expression Analysis Protocol

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Total cell protein was extracted by utilizing RIPA lysis buffer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA). Cell lysates were separated by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and proteins were transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes (Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The membranes were blocked with 5% skim milk and incubated with primary antibodies against PrPC, phospho-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K), total PI3K, phospho-AKT, total AKT, cyclin dependent kinase (CDK) 2, CDK4, cyclin D1, cyclin E, phosphor-p38, total p38, phosphor-c-JUN N-terminal kinase (JNK), total JNK, cleaved caspase-3, cleaved poly [ADP-ribose] polymerase 1 (PARP1), β-actin (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA), phospho-p53, total p53 (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA), phospho-ataxia-telangiectasia mutated (ATM), and total ATM (Thermo Fisher Scientific). After incubation of membranes with peroxidase-conjugated goat anti-mouse or anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz biotechnology), bands were detected by utilizing enhanced chemiluminescence reagents (Amersham Biosciences, Uppsala, Sweden).
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6

Molecular Mechanisms of Cell Cycle Regulation

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VCAM1 antibody was obtained from Novus Biologicals (Littleton, CO). Anti-Collagen type 1 antibody was from Rockland (Limerick, PA). β -actin antibody was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). The cyclin D1, cyclin D2, cyclin D3, cdk2, cdk4 and cdk6 antibodies were from Cell Signaling (Danvers, MA). The anti- ERK1/2, phosphor-ERK1/2, p38 and phosphor-p38 antibodies were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA). The miRNA mini Kit was from Qiagen (Louisville, KY). The primers for VCAM1 and qRT-PCR were purchased from ABI (Foster City, CA). Recombinant human TGF-β was obtained from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN). VCAM1 shRNA was purchased from Dharmacon (Lafayette, CO). The CytoSelect BrdU cell proliferation ELISA kit was from Cell Biolabs (San Diego, CA). The Cell Cycle Phase Determination Kit was obtained from Cayman (Ann Arbor, MI). Western Lightning Plus ECL was from PerkinElmer (Boston, MA). Actinomycin D was from Sigma (St. Louis, MO).
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