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Phosphate buffer pbs

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Phosphate buffer (PBS) is a commonly used buffer solution in biological research and laboratory applications. It is a water-based salt solution that maintains a stable pH, typically between 7.2 and 7.4, which is physiologically relevant for many cellular and molecular studies. PBS is primarily used to maintain the osmotic balance and pH of samples, as well as to dilute and wash biological materials.

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6 protocols using phosphate buffer pbs

1

Synthesis and Cytotoxicity of 3-N-Alkyloxyestradiol

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The 3-N-alkyloxyestradiol derivative, 3-[2-diisopro-pylamino]-ethoxy-D1,3,5 (10)-estrien-17-one (DI) was synthesized and provided by Dr. John Cooperwood (Florida A&M University, Tallahassee, FL, USA). Propidium iodide, DMSO (dimethyl sulfoxide), D-Glucose and Ethanol was obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). RPMI 1640, penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic solution (10,000 UI/mL), 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA solution and phosphate buffer (PBS) were all obtained from Invitrogen/Life Technologies (Carlsbad, California, USA). fetal bovine serum (FBS) was obtained from Atlanta Biologicals (Flowery Branch, GA, USA). Quick Start Bradford Reagent, 1X (BioRad, Hercules, CA) and Ready 2-D Starter Kit were obtained from BioRad (Hercules, CA, USA).
PC-3 cells were cultured in RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum and penicillin-streptomycin antibiotic solution (10,000 UI/mL), at 37°C in a 5% CO2 humidified atmosphere. A stock solution was prepared by dissolving 3-[2-diisopropylamino]-ethoxy-D1,3,5(10)-estrien-17-one (DI) in 100% DMSO (Sigma-Aldrich) with subsequent dilutions made in cell culture medium. In our experimental conditions, PC-3 cells were treated for 48 h with DI. Cells were detached with 0.25% Trypsin-EDTA solution washed and collected.
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2

Isolation and Characterization of Extracellular Vesicles

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EVs were isolated from SMC media as previously described63 (link) by serial centrifugations and ultracentrifugations. Briefly, serum-free media was added to 90% confluent cells grown in T75 flasks and collected after 24 hrs. 65 ml of conditioned media were sequentially centrifuged at 300 × g for 10 min at 4 °C, 2,000 × g for 10 min at 4 °C, and at 10,000 × g for 30 min at 4 °C to discard cells, membranes, and debris and larger EVs. The supernatant was centrifuged at 100,000 × g for 70 min at 4 °C to pellet EVs. The EV pellet was resuspended in cold phosphate buffer (PBS) (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA) and the EV solution was centrifuged at 100,000 × g for 70 min at 4 °C. The final EV pellet was resuspended in 20 µl of PBS. Two µl of the EVs in PBS were used for the AChE assay. The leftover solution was mixed with an equal volume of 2x radio-immune precipitation assay (RIPA) lysis buffer supplemented with a mixture of protease inhibitors. Two µl were used to quantify EVs protein content (BCA Protein Assay Kit; Pierce, Rockford, IL).
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3

Immunohistochemical Analysis of METTL3 in CRC

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The expression and distribution of METTL3 in CRC tissues were detected by EnVisionTM immunohistochemical staining. After the paraffin microplast was baked at 90°C for 4 hours, xylene dewaxing was carried out sequentially, and the gradient ethanol was hydrated and soaked in phosphate buffer (PBS) (Gibco company) for 3 times for 5 minutes each time. Antigen repair with edta tetraacetic acid antigen (Beyotime Biotechnology) repair solution, hydrogen peroxide solution blocked for 30 minutes at room temperature, 3% bovine serum protein (Beyotime Biotechnology) blocked at 37°C for 30 minutes, after PBS washing, add 1:200 diluted primary antibody METTL3 rabbit antihuman polyclonal antibody (Abcam company), 4°C refrigerator overnight. The next day, PBS rinsed after the surface liquid, add diluted horseradish peroxidase labeled rat/rabbit universal secondary antibody (Danish DAKO company), incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes, PBS rinse with DAB color developer, after rinsing, hematoxylin restaining, cold water tank back to blue for 10 minutes, gradient ethanol dehydration, drying neutral resin sealing.
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4

Antibacterial Hydrogel Scaffold Synthesis

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3-(aminopropyl)trimethoxysilane (Aladdin, ≥98%), rose bengal (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥80%), dopamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%), Tris base (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%), sulfhydryl-modified polyethylene glycol (PEG-SH) MW2000 (PEG2k-SH, Aladdin, ≥99%), 2-mercaptoethylamine hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, ≥98%), tetracycline (Aladdin, ≥98%), d-alanine (Aladdin, ≥98%), tryptone soy broth (Solarbio Life Science, pH = 7.4), phosphate buffer (PBS, Gibco, pH = 7.4), sodium alginate (Aladdin, AR), gelatin (MW ∼50,000–100,000, type A from porcine skin), SYTO 9 (Thermo Fisher Scientific), E. coli (ATCC25922), E. coli-β (ATCC35218), P. aeruginosa (ATCC27853), S. aureus (ATCC6538), Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA, ATCC43300) and E. faecalis (ATCC29212) were purchased from LuWei Tech. Co., Ltd., Shanghai, China.
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5

Development of Lipid-based mRNA Delivery System

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Sodium alginate (SA) and 2-mercaptoethanol were purchased from Runze Local Reagents Co. (Chengdu, China). (2,3-Dioleacyl propyl)-trimethylammonium chloride (DOTAP) and cholesterol (CHOL) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids Inc. (Alabaster, USA). mRNA markers were acquired from Ambion (TX, USA). Low melting point agarose was purchased from Thermo Fisher (MA, USA). Bovine serum albumin (BSA) and erythrocyte lytic products were purchased from Sigma–Aldrich (Shanghai, china). GM-CSF was obtained from Peprotech (NJ, USA). APC-anti-mouse CD11C, PE-anti-mouse CD11C, PE-anti-mouse CD80, FITC-anti-mouse CD86, and APC-anti-mouse SIINFEKL/H-2Kb 25-D1.16 were purchased from Biolegend (CA, USA). FITC-conjugated anti-mouse CD3, APC-conjugated anti-mouse CD8a and PE-conjugated anti-mouse CD4 antibodies were purchased from Becton Dickinson and Company (NJ, USA). PE-H-2Kb SIINFEKL tetramer (OVA-tetramer) was obtained from Guangzhou Haozi Biotechnology Co., Ltd. (Guangzhou, China). DMEM, RPMI-1640 medium, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and phosphate buffer (PBS) were purchased from Gibco (New York, USA). Cryogenic refrigerated centrifuges (Thermo Scientific); BX-53 Upright fluorescence microscope (Olympus Corporation, Japan). GFP-mRNA, Luc-mRNA, and OVA-mRNA were constructed and synthesized by other physicians in our laboratory. All other reagents and chemicals were analytical grade.
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6

CellTracker Green CMFDA Labeling of hBM-MSC

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The CellTracker™ Green CMFDA (Life Technologies) labeling processes of hBM-MSC were performed for cells seeded on 96-well (1 × 103 cell/well) plates, 24-well plates (5 × 103cell/well), and 25-cm2 bottles (2 × 105 cell/flask). In sterile 15 ml Falcon (Corning Centristar), a mixture of Opti-Mem® I (1×) Reduced Serum Medium (Life Technologies) and 10 μM CellTracker™ Green CMFDA solution in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) (Sigma-Aldrich) was prepared. One microliter of CellTracker™ Green CMFDA stock was added on each 5 ml of Opti-Mem® I (1×) Reduced Serum Medium. Standard growing medium was removed from culture vessel; cells were rinsed twice with phosphate buffer (PBS, Gibco) and placed in a prepared solution of CellTracker™ Green CMFDA and Opti-Mem® I (1×) Reduced Serum Medium. After 40-min incubation at 37 °C, the cells were purified from an excess of reagent by triple PBS rinsing and placed in a medium suitable for further experiments.
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