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541 filter paper

Manufactured by Cytiva

541 filter paper is a general-purpose filter paper designed for laboratory filtration applications. It is made of high-quality cellulose fibers and has a medium-fast flow rate. The paper is available in various sizes to accommodate different filtration needs.

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5 protocols using 541 filter paper

1

Extraction and Analysis of Ambient PM10

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Ambient PM10 collected on filters was sonicated for 3 h at 69 °C in a sonication bath with 20 mL of 4% nitric acid. After sonication, the samples were filtered through Whatman 541 filter paper and diluted to 50 mL with deionized water. For sub-micron and ultrafine PM, air sample filters were digested in a mixture of high purity HNO3:HCl (4:1) by microwave digestion. The digested samples were subjected to metal analysis by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) (Agilent 8900) which an internal standard solution containing Sc, Ge, Y, In, Rh and Bi in 1% HNO3 was simultaneously analysed. For quality control, reference material (NIST 1684a, urban particulate matter) was analysed with a recovery of 85–90%.
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2

Cellulose Nanocrystal Preparation from Filter Paper

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CNCs
were prepared from a Whatman grade I filter paper according to a published
procedure.51 (link) The filter paper was first
mechanically ground into a fine powder. An amount of 15.0 g of the
powder was hydrolyzed with 64% sulfuric acid at 45 °C for 45
min under gentle mechanical stirring. The reaction was stopped by
diluting it 10-fold with 3 L of Milli-Q H2O. The dispersion
was left to sediment for 20 h after which the clear supernatant was
discarded, and the precipitate was washed by two cycles of centrifugation
and redispersion in Milli-Q H2O. The remaining CNC dispersion
was further purified by dialysis against Milli-Q H2O until
the conductivity of the dialysate remained <5 μS/cm. Finally,
the CNCs were filtered through a Whatman 541 filter paper and stored
at 4 °C until use.
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3

Purification of Chitosan for Research

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Chitosan (low molecular weight, deacetylation degree 96.1%, Sigma-Aldrich) was purified according to a previously established method.19 (link) Chitosan (2 g) was dissolved in 200 mL 1% (v/v) acetic acid then filtered (Whatman 541 filter paper). The filtrate was titrated with 1 N NaOH until the pH was approximately 8.5 to precipitate the Chitosan. The precipitate was removed via filtration and resuspended in 500 mL buffer (0.1 M sodium bicarbonate, pH 8.3). Next, 2.5 g sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) and 3.72 g ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) were added to the solution and stirred using a magnetic stir bar for 30 minutes. The insoluble Chitosan was filtered, rinsed and dialyzed (Snakeskin) in nanopure water for 24 hours. During dialysis, the water was changed after 10 hours and every hour afterwards. The Chitosan was collected from the dialysis tubing, frozen at −80°C overnight and lyophilized.
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4

Negative Staining of Hendra Virus Nucleoprotein

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Carbon-coated 300-mesh copper grids were glow-discharged in nitrogen to render the carbon film hydrophilic. A 4 μL aliquot of each HeV N protein (0.03 mg/mL) was pipetted onto separate grids. After a 30 s adsorption time, excess liquid was drawn off using Whatman 541 filter paper, a 5 μL water wash applied, followed by staining with 2% phosphotungstic acid for 10 s. Grids were air-dried before use. The samples were examined using a Tecnai 12 Transmission Electron Microscope (FEI, Eindhoven, The Netherlands) at an operating voltage of 120 KV. Images were recorded using either a Megaview III CCD camera and AnalySIS camera control software (Olympus), or a FEI Eagle 4k × 4k CCD camera. Measurements were made using ImageJ software (http://rsb.info.nih.gov/ij/).
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5

Quantitative Analysis of Total Oxalate

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The UV-Visible spectroscopic method was adopted from the literature [11] . Total oxalate was measured by weighing 1.0 g sample of dried tubers in the beaker and boiled in 150 mL water containing 27.5 mL 6 M HCl plus two drops of caprylic alcohol (octanol) for 25 min. The mixtures were cooled, transferred to a 250 mL volumetric flask and made up to mark. The mixtures were then filtered through Whatman 541 filter paper. The first 80 mL filtrate was discarded and the rest was retained for analysis. A volume of 10 mL of this filtrate was evaporated to near dryness at 40-45 0 C in a vacuum oven, and re-dissolved in 10 mL of 0.01 M H2SO4. The total oxalate in the sample was analyzed using a UV-Visible spectrophotometer.
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