Jds uniphase 22 mw he ne laser

Droplet sizes of the developed ME were measured by a dynamic light scattering (DLS), Ζsizer Nano series ZS90 (Malvern Instruments, Malvern, UK) equipped with a JDS Uniphase 22 mW He-Ne laser operating at 632.8 nm, an optical fiber-based detector, a digital LV/LSE-5003 correlator, and a temperature controller (Julabo water-bath) set at 25 °C. Time correlation functions were analysed to obtain the hydrodynamic diameter of the particles (Zh) and the particle size distribution (polydispersity index, PdI) using the ALV-60 × 0 software V.3.X provided by Malvern. Autocorrelation functions were analysed by the Cumulants method, fitting a single exponential to the correlation function to obtain particle size distribution. Scattering was measured in an optical quality 4 mL borosilicate cell at a 90° angle, diluting the samples in distilled water. ζ-potential was measured using the same instrument; for all samples, an average of three measurements at stationary level was taken. The temperature was kept constant at 25 °C by a Haake temperature controller. ζ-potential was calculated from the electrophoretic mobility, using the Henry correction to Smoluchowski’s equation.