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8 protocols using dclk1

1

Pancreatic Protein Extraction and Analysis

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Pancreases were harvested from 8-week-old mice and flash frozen in liquid N2 immediately upon dissection. Frozen tissue was lysed in Bio-Plex Lysis Buffer (Bio-Rad, #171304011) supplemented with Factor I (Bio-Rad, #171304011), Factor II (Bio-Rad, #171304011), and cOmplete protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Lysates were clarified by centrifugation and immunoblotting was performed as previously described.55 (link) The following primary antibodies were employed in this study: DCLK1 (Cell Signaling, #62257) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling, #D16H11). Immunoglobulin G horseradish peroxidase linked secondary antibodies were employed as appropriate.
Animal studies for immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting (Supplementary Fig. 8ab) were approved and performed in accordance with the IACUC at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. All experiments were adherent to institutional standards and were performed in pathogen-free animal facilities. Pdx1-Cre mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory (#014647); K-RasLSL-G12D (#01XJ6) and Tp53LSL-R172H (#01XM2) mice were obtained from the NCI Mouse Repository.
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2

Protein Expression Analysis of Cellular Samples

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Cell lysates were subjected to polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, and then blotted onto Immobilin-P polyvinylidene difluoride membranes (Millipore, Bedford, MA). Antibodies for cyclin D1 (catalog # 2978), CDK2 (catalog # 2546), phospho-Rb (catalog # 8516), Rb (catalog # 9309), PARP(catalog No # 9532), Caspase 3 (catalog # 9662), Bcl2 (catalog # 2876), BclXL (catalog # 2764), Bax (catalog No # 5023), CD44 (catalog # 3570), CD133 (catalog # 64326), phospho-STAT5 (catalog #s 4332, 9359), STAT5 (catalog # 25656), phospho-STAT3 (catalog # 9131), STAT3 (catalog # 4904), phospho-ERK (catalog # 4370) and ERK (catalog # 9102), ABCG2 (catalog #42078), DCLK1 (catalog # 62257) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA), for DCLK1 (catalog # ab37994), Oct-4 (catalog # ab189857) from Abcam Inc. (Cambridge, MA, USA), CDK4 (catalog # MA5–13498), CDK6 (catalog # MA5–13338) from Thermofisher (Waltham, MA, USA) and DCLK1 (catalog # SAB2420186) and Actin (catalog # A1978) from Sigma Aldrich and GAPDH (catalog # sc-365062) Santacruz Biotechnology Inc (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Specific proteins were detected by chemiluminescence system.
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3

Pancreatic Protein Extraction and Analysis

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Pancreases were harvested from 8-week-old mice and flash frozen in liquid N2 immediately upon dissection. Frozen tissue was lysed in Bio-Plex Lysis Buffer (Bio-Rad, #171304011) supplemented with Factor I (Bio-Rad, #171304011), Factor II (Bio-Rad, #171304011), and cOmplete protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma-Aldrich) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Lysates were clarified by centrifugation and immunoblotting was performed as previously described.55 (link) The following primary antibodies were employed in this study: DCLK1 (Cell Signaling, #62257) and GAPDH (Cell Signaling, #D16H11). Immunoglobulin G horseradish peroxidase linked secondary antibodies were employed as appropriate.
Animal studies for immunohistochemistry and immunoblotting (Supplementary Fig. 8ab) were approved and performed in accordance with the IACUC at Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center. All experiments were adherent to institutional standards and were performed in pathogen-free animal facilities. Pdx1-Cre mice were obtained from The Jackson Laboratory (#014647); K-RasLSL-G12D (#01XJ6) and Tp53LSL-R172H (#01XM2) mice were obtained from the NCI Mouse Repository.
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4

Protein Isolation and Western Blot Analysis

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Total protein from cultured A549/DDP and H1299/DDP cells was isolated in RIPA lysis buffer (Beyotime, Shanghai, China). According to Bradford protein assay reagent (Bio-Rad), equal amounts of protein (20 μg) from each sample were loaded for the standard procedures of Western blot assay. β-actin was used to normalize the DCLK1 protein level. The primary antibodies including DCLK1 (#62,257, 1:1000) and β-actin (#4967, 1:1000) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (CST; Danvers, MA, USA), and Ki-67 (#ab197547, 1:500), cleaved caspase-3 (#ab49822, 1:500) were from abcam (Cambridge, UK).
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5

Immunohistochemical Analysis of DCLK1 in Murine Pancreas

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Pancreases were harvested from mice at indicated ages and fixed in 10% formalin overnight at room temperature. Fixed tissue was processed into paraffin blocks and cut into 5 μM sections using a Leica RM2235 microtome. Tissue sections were deparaffinized in a xylene and ethanol series and then washed with water. Antigen retrieval was performed by incubating slides in Target Retrieval Buffer (DAKO, #S1699) in a pressure cooker. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using the EnVision+ HRP Kit (DAKO, #401111) and DCLK1 (Cell Signaling, #62257) according the manufacturer’s instructions. Slides were counterstained with hematoxylin, dehydrated through an ethanol and xylene series, and coverslips were mounted using Permount (Fisher, #SP15–100). Images were acquired using an Olympus BX-UCB slide scanner.
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6

Immunohistochemical Analysis of DCLK1 in Murine Pancreas

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Pancreases were harvested from mice at indicated ages and fixed in 10% formalin overnight at room temperature. Fixed tissue was processed into paraffin blocks and cut into 5 μM sections using a Leica RM2235 microtome. Tissue sections were deparaffinized in a xylene and ethanol series and then washed with water. Antigen retrieval was performed by incubating slides in Target Retrieval Buffer (DAKO, #S1699) in a pressure cooker. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed using the EnVision+ HRP Kit (DAKO, #401111) and DCLK1 (Cell Signaling, #62257) according the manufacturer’s instructions. Slides were counterstained with hematoxylin, dehydrated through an ethanol and xylene series, and coverslips were mounted using Permount (Fisher, #SP15–100). Images were acquired using an Olympus BX-UCB slide scanner.
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7

Western Blot Analysis of Intestinal Proteins

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Isolated enterocytes were lysed with sodium dodecyl sulfate sample buffer (50 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8, 2% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 10% glycerol, and 5% mercaptoethanol). The lysate was then heated for 5 min at 100 °C, and the protein concentration was determined using the RC-DC kit (Bio-Rad, Hercules CA). Proteins were loaded in equal amounts for Western blotting. Antibodies used in this study were Raptor (#2280), p-S6K (#9234), pS6 (S240/244) (#5364), DCLK1 (#62257), Stat 6 (#5397), GAPDH (#5174) (all from Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers MA) and p-Stat 6 (sc-11762, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas Texas). The proteins were detected using Bio-Rad ChemiDocTM XRS + system with image Lab TM software (Bio-Rad, Hercules CA).
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8

Automated Immunohistochemistry Protocol

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IHC was performed using an automated immunostaining system (BONDMAX; Leica Biosystems, Melbourne, Australia). Briefly, to begin with, the samples were rinsed with xylene for deparaffinization. The slides were rehydrated using increasing concentrations of alcohol and washed with phosphate-buffered saline. Antigens were retrieved and incubated with a bond peroxidase-blocking reagent, followed by primary antibodies against AR (1:200 dilution, Cell Signaling), CD8 (1:500, Cell Signaling), FOXC1 (1:200, Abcam), and DCLK1 (1:100, Cell Signaling Technology). A Bond Polymer Refining Detection Kit (Leica) was used for detection, and 3,3′-diaminobenzidine was used for immunodetection, followed by Mayer’s hematoxylin for counterstaining. We used prostate tissue and tonsil as positive controls for AR and CD8 expression, respectively. TNBC tissues which were tested strongly positive were used as positive control for DCLK1 and FOXC1 expression. The positive control tissues were put simultaneously on all of the examined slides.
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