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H9658

Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States

H9658 is a laboratory equipment product. It is designed for use in various scientific research and testing applications. The core function of this product is to provide a specific capability or feature to support laboratory workflow and procedures. No further details about the intended use or specific applications of this product can be provided in an unbiased and factual manner.

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43 protocols using h9658

1

Cryo-EM Imaging of Protein Localization

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Cells were cryo-fixed and freeze-substituted as described before (Wu et al., 2019 (link)). Epon-embedded cells were sectioned and collected on formvar-coated and carbon-evaporated copper grids. A CM12 (Philips) transmission electron microscope was used to inspect the grids. ImageJ was used for measuring the distance between membranes.
CLEM was performed for localization analysis as described previously (Knoops et al., 2015 (link)). 150-nm-thick cryo-sections were imaged with a widefield fluorescence microscope as described above. The corresponding fluorescence signals were visualized using the same filter sets as mentioned before. The grid was post-stained and embedded in a mixture containing 0.5% uranyl acetate and 0.5% methylcellulose. A CM12 transmission electron microscope under 100 kV was applied for the generation of double-tilt tomography series including a tilt range of 40° to −40° with 2.5° increments. To make CLEM images, FM and EM images were aligned using the eC-CLEM plugin (Paul-Gilloteaux et al., 2017 (link)) in Icy (http://icy.bioimageanalysis.org). The IMOD software package was used for reconstructing the tomograms.
Immuno-EM was performed as described previously (Thomas et al., 2018 (link)). Labeling of HA was performed using monoclonal antibodies (Sigma-Aldrich, H9658) followed by goat-anti-mouse antibodies conjugated to 6 nm gold (Aurion).
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2

Cas9 Protein Expression Analysis

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HEK293T cells are transfected with 500 ng Cas9 and 500 ng sgRNA expressing plasmid in a 6-well plate by Lipofectamine 3000 transfection reagent (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer’s suggested protocol. 48 hours after transfection, cells are harvested and lysed with 100 μl RIPA buffer. 8ul of cell lysate is used for electrophoresis and blotting. The blots are probed with anti-HA (Sigma #H9658) and anti alpha-tubilin (Sigma #T6074) primary antibodies; then HRP conjugated anti-mouse IgG (Abcam #ab6808) and anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibodies, respectively. Visualization employed Immobilon Western Chemiluminescent HRP substrate (EMD Millipore #WBKLS0100).
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3

Evaluating GroE Dependency In Vivo

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The experimental evaluation of GroE dependency in vivo was performed according to the previous work [26 (link)]. MGM100, a strain in which GroE expression is controlled by arabinose, was transformed with the expression vector of a candidate protein and grown in an LB medium containing 0.2% arabinose at 37 °C to log phase. The cells were then washed with fresh LB medium and subcultured in LB medium containing 1 mm diaminopimelate and 0.2% glucose for depletion (GroE– conditions) or 0.2% arabinose as a control (GroE+ conditions). Each candidate protein was expressed under leaky conditions (without IPTG induction) during cultivation. After 3 h of cultivation, the cells were harvested, suspended in lysis buffer (20 mm Tris–HCl, pH 8.0, 100 mm NaCl, and 1 mm EDTA), and disrupted by sonication. After the disruption, the uncentrifuged total fraction and the supernatant fraction obtained by 20 000 g centrifugation were separated by SDS/PAGE. The proteins in each fraction were detected by immunoblotting with an anti‐HA monoclonal antibody (SIGMA, H9658) and an anti‐mouse antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (SIGMA, A4416). The chemiluminescence signal was detected by a LAS4000 image analyzer (Fujifilm).
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4

Immunoprecipitation and Western Blot Analysis of Laforin in Fibroblasts

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Crude extracts from primary cultures of control, EPM2A Y112X/N163D and R241X/R241X patient fibroblasts, were obtained as in (Roma-Mateo et al., 2015 (link)). One mg of proteins from the clarified extracts were immunoprecipitated as in (Sherwood et al., 2013a (link)), using anti-laforin antibody #113. Proteins in the samples were denatured using sample buffer (125 mM Tris-HCl pH 6.8,, 4% SDS, 20% glycerol, 31mg/mL DTT, 0.01% bromophenol blue) and heating to 95°C for 5 min. The samples were subjected to SDS-PAGE (12% acrylamide) and transferred onto PVDF membranes (Millipore, Madrid, Spain). Membranes were blocked with 5% skimmed milk in TBS-Tween for 1 h and slices of these membranes were incubated with the following specific antibodies: anti-HA (H9658, 1:5000; Sigma Aldrich, Madrid, Spain), anti-laforin (MABN606, 1:1000; Millipore, Madrid, Spain), anti-p62 (ab56416, 1:1000; Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-GAPDH (sc32233, 1:10000; Santa Cruz Biotech, USA) and anti-actin (A2066, 1:1000; Sigma Aldrich, Madrid, Spain). Thereafter, blots were washed again with TBS-Tween and further incubated for 1 h with the corresponding secondary antibody conjugated with horseradish peroxidase. Finally, membranes were washed (3×5 min) with TBS-Tween and analyzed by chemiluminiscence (ECL Western Blotting Detection Reagents, GE Healthcare, UK) using an image reader LAS-4000 (GE Healthcare, UK).
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5

CFTR and COX Antibody Validation

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The anti-CFTR antibodies used were sc-10747, anti-CFTR (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas TX), and anti-CFTR MAB3484 (Millipore, Etobicoke, ON Canada). The COX1 antibody used was the anti-COX1 antibody EPR5866 (AB109025 Abcam Cambridge, UK), and the COX-2 antibody used was the anti-COX-2 antibody EPR12012 (AB179800 Abcam Cambridge, UK) and hemagglutinin tag (H-9658 Sigma St. Louis, MO) was used.
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6

eCLIP-qPCR Analysis of RNA-Protein Interactions

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eCLIP-qPCR was performed as reported before41 (link)–43 (link). Briefly, cells were cultured in medium with 4-thiouridine (100 μM; T4509, Sigma) for 16 h. Then cells were washed twice by cold PBS and crosslinked with ultraviolet (365 nm,150 mJ/cm2) and then lysed with NP-40 lysis buffer (FNN0021, Invitrogen) containing protease inhibitors and 1 mM dithiothreitol (P2325, Invitrogen). RNase T1 (AM2283, Invitrogen) was added to the supernatant at a final concentration of 1 U/μl and incubated at 22 °C for 15 min. Then Cyclin D1 antibody (RB-010-P, Invitrogen, dilution 1:100) or HA-tag antibody (H9658, Sigma, dilution 1:100) was added and incubated at 4 °C with rotation overnight. Forty microliters of dynabeads Protein G (10003D, Invitrogen) was added and incubated at 4 °C for 3 h. The pellets were incubated in NP-40 lysis buffer with DNase I (18047019, Invitrogen) at a concentration of 1 U/5 μl for 15 min at 37 °C. The immunoprecipitated protein–RNA complex was eluted from the beads by heat denaturing. After SDS-PAGE and nitrocellulose membrane transfer, the 35–110 KD region (a region of 75 kDa (~220 nt of RNA) above the Cyclin D1 protein size) is excised and treated with proteinase K (25530049, Invitrogen) to isolate RNA for next qPCR analysis. Primers were designed every 200 nt with 100-nt overlapping intervals to cover the full length of DILA1, listed in Table S3.
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7

AHCY Protein Expression Analysis in Mice

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All mice were given zinc water for 10 days before any analysis. Tissue homogenates were prepared in 10 mM Tris-HCl (pH 7.5) supplemented with protease inhibitors (Roche). Twenty μg of lysate was separated by 4–12% SDS-PAGE (Invitrogen) under reducing conditions and transferred to nitrocellulose. In this study, blots were probed with two different AHCY antibodies. One antibody (ab151734, Abcam) is a rabbit polyclonal that only recognizes only human AHCY, while the other (H00000191-M07A, Abnova) is a mouse monoclonal that recognizes both human and mouse AHCY. Other antibodies used included a mouse anti-HA (H9658, Sigma), rabbit anti-hCBS [33] (link), and mouse anti-actin (A5441, Sigma). Gel images were captured and quantified using the FluorChem SP system (Alpha Innotech). The relative intensities of each protein are assigned as arbitrary units obtained by calculating the ratio of a test sample divided by a control.
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8

Protein Expression and Knockdown Protocols

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Antibodies against poly-PAR (4336-BPC-100, Trevigen, IF: 1:200), PARP1 (9532S, Cell Signaling Technology, WB: 1:1000), BRCA1 (D-9, Santa Cruz, IF: 1:100), HA (H9658, Sigma, WB 1:2000), γH2AX (05-636, Merck Millipore, IF: 1:1000), 53BP1 (NB100-304, Novus, IF: 1:100) and BrdU (ab6326, Abcam, IF: 1:200) were used. Full-length PARP1 was subcloned into the HA-tagged vector (pCMV-HA), the GFP-tagged vector (pFUGW) or the lentiviral vector (pHAGE-EF-Puro-DEST). The shPARP1 plasmid was constructed as described. The K23A and K418A mutant PARP1 plasmids were generated by site-directed mutagenesis and confirmed by sequencing. The shPARP1 stable cell lines and the reconstituted wild-type (WT), K23A and K418A mutant PARP1 stable cell lines were constructed according to http://www.addgene.org/protocols/plko/#C, and lentiviral packaging vectors pMD2.0G and pSPAX from NovoPro Bioscience were used.
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9

Western Blot Analysis of Protein Expression

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Three days post-transfection, cells were lysed in RIPA buffer with protease inhibitor cocktail. Samples were centrifuged at 14,000 × g for 10 min. The supernatant was harvested and quantified using BCA protein assay kit (Thermo Fisher, 23225) on Victor X5. 25 μg protein was mixed and boiled with 5 × SDS loading buffer. Samples were separated using SDS-PAGE assay. Protein was transferred to nitrocellulose membranes (Bio-Rad) for 1 hour in transfer buffer at 300 mA. The membranes were blocked at room temperature for 20 min in 5% milk-TBST and incubated with the primary antibody in 3% BSA-TBST at RT for two hours. Then the membranes were washed in TBST and incubated with secondary antibody in 3% BSA-TBST at RT for one hour and washed in TBST. Blots were visualized using Odyssey finally. The antibodies used for WB were listed below. Rabbit polyclonal anti-GAPDH (Abmart, P30008M) (1:5000 dilution), mouse monoclonal anti-HA antibody (Sigma, H9658) (1:5000 dilution), goat anti-rabbit secondary antibody (Odyssey, 926-32211) (1:5,000 dilution) and the goat anti-mouse secondary antibody (Odyssey, 926-68070) (1:5,000 dilution).
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10

CFTR Antibody Targeting Protocol

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Anti-CFTR antibodies targeting the N-terminus (sc-10747; anti-CFTR Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas TX) used at 0.5 µg/ml, NBD1 (MAB3484; Millipore, Etobicoke, ON Canada) at 1 µg/ml, C-terminus (MAB3480; Millipore, and MAB25031; R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN) and hemagglutinin tag at 1 µg/ml (H-9658 Sigma St. Louis, MO) were used.
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