Ammonium hydroxide nh4oh

Pullulanase, D-(+)-glucose, D-(-)-fructose, sodium potassium tartrate, sodium metabisulfite, phenol and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Silver nitrate (AgNO₃), sodium hydroxide and ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH) were purchased from Daejung (Siheung, Korea). Waxy maize starch was obtained from Samyang Co (Seoul, Korea).

Tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS), 3-mercaptopropyltrimethoxysilane (MPTS), ethylene glycol (EG), silver nitrate (AgNO₃, > 99.99%), 3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane (APTES), octylamine (OA), rhodamine B isothiocyanate (RITC), fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), N,N′-diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC), N,N′-diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), 4-dimethylaminopyridine (DMAP), and bovine serum albumin (BSA, > 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Inc. (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used without further purification. Absolute ethanol (99.9%), ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH, 27%), 2-propanol (99%), and ethanol (98%) were purchased from Daejung Chemicals (Siheung, Korea). Succinimidyl esters conjugated with Alexa Fluor (AF) 563, 594, 610-X, and 633 were purchased from Invitrogen Inc. (Carlsbad, CA, USA). Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS; 137 mM NaCl, 10 mM Na₂HPO₄, 2.0 mM KH₂PO₄, and 2.7 mM KCl at pH 7.4) was prepared in-house. Deionized (DI) water was used for all experiments. Herceptin (anti-human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (anti-HER2) monoclonal antibody) and Cetuximab (anti-epidermal growth factor receptor (anti-EGFR) monoclonal antibody) were purchased from Merck Millipore (Darmstadt, Germany).

Aluminum nitrate nonahydrate (98%, Al(NO₃)₃∙9H₂O) was purchased from Daejung CHEMICALS & METALS CO.,LTD, (Gyeong-gi, Korea), and used as an alumina precursor. A chitosan, poly(D-glucosamine) (Merck) was used as a template. Acetic acid and ammonium hydroxide (NH₄OH, 25%) were purchased from Daejung CHEMICALS & METALS CO., LTD, (Gyeong-gi, Korea), and used as received. The commercial gamma alumina nano-powder was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and used without further treatment.