Most of the material used in this study was purchased, as we reported earlier [38 (link),39 (link),40 (link),41 (link),42 (link),43 (link)]. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), nitrocellulose membranes, nicotine, BDNF, epinephrine, and propranolol hydrochloride were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. The caspase 3 (cleaved) colorimetric In-Cell ELISA Kit (62218), Halt Protease and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail, BCA protein assay kit, super signal west pico luminol (chemiluminescence) reagent, human IgG (hIgG) isotype control, α-tubulin monoclonal antibody (DM1A), goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) superclonal secondary antibody, HRP conjugate (A28177), 3,3′,5,5′-tetramethylbenzidine (TMB), and lipofectamine 2000 transfection reagent were from ThermoFisher. Donkey anti-mouse IgG (HRP) (ab205724) was purchased from Abcam. MMP9 siRNA (sc-29400), MMP9 antibody (sc-393859), m-IgG Fc BP-HRP: sc-525409, and anti-E-cadherin antibody (DECMA-1, sc-59778) were from Santa Cruz Biotechnology. SignalSilence Control siRNA (unconjugated, 6568) was purchased from (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, MA, USA).
Propranolol hydrochloride
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, Switzerland
Propranolol hydrochloride is a pharmaceutical compound that functions as a beta-adrenergic blocking agent. It is commonly used in the production and testing of various pharmaceutical and medical products.
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Lab products found in correlation
Prazosin hydrochloride, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Acetonitrile, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Carbamazepine, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Formic acid, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Isoproterenol hydrochloride, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
Atropine sulfate, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Indomethacin, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Atenolol, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Phenylephrine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Formic acid, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Fluoxetine hydrochloride, by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Methanol, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (4 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (4 mentions)
Propranolol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Glibenclamide, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Isoprenaline hydrochloride, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Ethanol, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
Potassium dihydrogen phosphate, by Merck Group (3 mentions)
123 protocols using propranolol hydrochloride
1
Optimized Reagent Procurement and Experimental Protocols
2
Autonomic Blockade: Uncovering Parasympathetic Function in Aging and Heart Failure
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Parasympathetic function in aging and HF was measured using sequential sympathetic (0.5 mg·kg−1 propranolol [PPL]; prepared as propranolol hydrochloride in 0.9% NaCl solution, Sigma-Aldrich, UK) and parasympathetic (0.05 mg·kg−1 atropine; prepared as atropine sulfate in 0.9% NaCl solution; Sigma-Aldrich) blockade via intravenous bolus with an additional 0.05 mg·kg−1·minute−1 atropine infused after 1 minute to maintain complete autonomic block (AB) for the duration of the experiment. Measurements were obtained both prior to the start of tachypacing and once HF had developed. To determine whether AB was complete, HR responses to dobutamine (5 µg·kg−1·minute−1) and acetylcholine (100 nmol·min−1; prepared as acetylcholine chloride in 0.9% NaCl; Sigma-Aldrich) were assessed in a subset of animals.
3
Pharmacological Manipulations in the Ventral Hippocampus
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All the local treatments were carried out with the help of cannulas (33G). Guide cannulae (26 gauge, Plastics One) were implanted to the skull with dental cement. Mice were then given 1 week to recover from surgery. 32-gauge stainless steel injectors attached to 5-μl Hamilton syringes were inserted into the guide cannulae to deliver the following drugs—Isoproterenol Hydrochloride (0.25 μg per side; Sigma Aldrich, India); ( ±)-Propranolol hydrochloride (0.5 μg per side; Sigma Aldrich, India), and 0.9% saline. Coordinates relative to bregma are as follows: vH (AP − 3.0, ML ± 2.6, DV − 3.2). A total volume of 200 nl was injected; the injector was left for another minute to allow diffusion into the tissue.
4
Propranolol and EGCG in Cognitive Aging
5
Cytotoxicity Evaluation of Sunitinib and Propranolol
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The half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) value and survival rate(%) were determined by MTS assay (Promega (Beijing) Biotech Co., Ltd. G111B). A375 and P8 were respectively plated in 96-well plates at a density of 3×103 and 5*103, treated with 1, 5, 10, 15, 20 μM sunitinib (sunitinib malate, S1042, Selleck, USA) and were treated with propranolol (propranolol hydrochloride, P0884, Sigma-Aldrich, U.S.A) for 24, 48 and 72 hours. Cells were incubated with 10% of MTS: PMS (20:1) mixed reagents 2-4 hours. Fluorescence of each plate was measured using a spectrophotometer at emission 490 nm (Spectra MAX Gemini EM, Molecular Devices).
6
Propranolol's Effects on Fear Conditioning
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(±) Propranolol hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich) was freshly prepared on each conditioning day. All rats were injected i.p. with 10 mg/mL of propranolol or its vehicle (saline). The volume was 1 mL/kg. For experiments 1 and 3, the treatments were administered 30 min before conditioning procedure. For experiment 2, the treatments were administered 30 min before the delivery of the U-US. This dose is commonly used in PTC experiments (Dębiec and LeDoux 2004 (link); Rodriguez-Romaguera et al. 2009 (link)). All injections were done by the same experimenter.
7
Propranolol and FTY720 Administration in tMCAO
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Propranolol [(±)-Propranolol hydrochloride, Sigma-Aldrich], was dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride solution and administered 10 mg/kg intra peritoneally (i.p.) at 0, 4 and 8 h after tMCAO as previously described.24 (link) The control animals were treated with sodium chloride 0.9% (saline) i.p. at the corresponding time points.
FTY720 (Cayman Chemicals) was dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline) at a final concentration of 10 µg/100 µl for i.p. injection. FTY720 (1 mg/kg) was administered i.p. after the initiation of anesthesia as previously described.10 (link) The control animals were treated with corresponding volumes of saline i.p. All treatments were administered by RV, who was not involved in the tMCAO operation and further sample processing and analyses.
FTY720 (Cayman Chemicals) was dissolved in 0.9% sodium chloride solution (saline) at a final concentration of 10 µg/100 µl for i.p. injection. FTY720 (1 mg/kg) was administered i.p. after the initiation of anesthesia as previously described.10 (link) The control animals were treated with corresponding volumes of saline i.p. All treatments were administered by RV, who was not involved in the tMCAO operation and further sample processing and analyses.
8
Inflammatory Response Induction in Rats
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LPS, Escherichia coli serotype 0127:B8, (Sigma-Aldrich, catalog #L4516, lot #051M4004) was reconstituted with sterile water. Recombinant rat TNFα (Shenandoah Biolotechnology Inc., catalog #P16599) was reconstituted with sterile water and diluted with a 0.1% BSA solution for prolonged storage. Indomethacin (Sigma-Aldrich, catalog #I7378) was reconstituted with 0.1 mm Na2CO3. Prostaglandin E2 (PGE2; Cayman Chemical, catalog #14 010) was reconstituted with 95% ethanol. Propranolol hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, catalog #P0884) was reconstituted in sterile water. All reagents were further diluted in 0.9% pyrogen-free sterile saline to yield the desired concentration for their administration to the animals.
9
Pharmacological Evaluation of 25B-NBOMe
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The 25B-NBOMe hydrochloride was purchased from Cayman chemical (Ann Arbor, MI, USA); ritanserin, aripiprazole, granisetron hydrochloride, and propranolol hydrochloride from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other common chemicals used were of the highest purity commercially available.
10
Receptor Modulation of Energy Balance
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To assess the role of β-AR and 5HT3 receptors in mediating the effects of the test diets on energy balance, propranolol hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, Oakville, ON, Canada, #P8688), a β1 and β2-AR blocker, and ondansetron hydrochloride (Tocris, Burlington, ON, Canada, #2891), a selective 5HT3 receptor antagonist, were used, respectively (Figure 1 ). The drugs were administered on days 9, 12, 14, and 16 to both vehicle- and 6-OHDA-treated rats. On any given day, following an overnight fast, the rats were randomized to receive: 1) a subcutaneous injection of saline (0.5 mL), 2) a subcutaneous injection of propranolol (0.5 mL; 10 mg/kg body weight in sterile 0.9% saline), 3) an intraperitoneal injection of saline (0.5 mL), or 4) an intraperitoneal injection of ondansetron (0.5 mL; 1 mg/kg body weight in sterile 0.9% saline) 30 min before the onset of the dark period. The rats were fed with their respective experimental diets (i.e., 16AA, 5AA, 5AA+Met, and 16AA-Met) following the drug injections.
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