Super Q (80/100 mesh) was purchased from Alltech (PA, USA). n-Hexane (95%, for pesticide residue analysis) was purchased from Fisher Scientific (Loughborough, Leicestershire, UK). (Z)-3-Hexenyl acetate (98%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar (Heysham, UK). Limonene (97%), cis-jasmone (92%) and linalool (96%) were purchased from TCI America (Portland, USA). α-Pinene (98%), camphene (90%), 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one (98%), methyl salicylate (99%), ocimene (90%) (mix of (E) and (Z)-isomers), (E)-caryophyllene (80%), benzothiazole (96%), indole (98%), myrcene (97%), octanal (99%), undecane (99%), tridecane (99%), pentadecane (99%), nonanal (95%) and decanal (98%) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Geranylacetone (96%) was purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). (E,E)-α-Farnesene was synthesized in three steps from isoprene and sulfur dioxide (Hassemer et al. 2016 (link)). (E)-4,8-Dimethyl-1,3,7-nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-1,3,7,11-tridecatetraene (TMTT) were synthesized from geraniol and (E,E)-farnesol, respectively (Leopold 1990 ).
Benzothiazole
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
Benzothiazole is a heterocyclic organic compound used in various laboratory applications. It is a fused ring system composed of a benzene ring and a thiazole ring. Benzothiazole serves as a core structural element in the development and study of diverse chemical compounds and materials.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Ocimene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Tridecane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Decanal, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Indole, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Undecane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Pentadecane, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Myrcene, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Linalool, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (2 mentions)
Limonene, by Tokyo Chemical Industry (2 mentions)
Benzaldehyde, by Merck Group (2 mentions)
Methyl salicylate, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Octanal, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
N hexane, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Z 3 hexenyl acetate, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
E caryophyllene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
6 methyl 5 hepten 2 one, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nonanal, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
α pinene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Camphene, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
P vinylguaiacol, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
9 protocols using benzothiazole
1
Synthesis of Volatile Organic Compounds
2
Volatile Compound Extraction Protocols
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Diethyl ether (analytical grade reagent) was obtained from S.D. Fine Chem. Ltd., Mumbai, India and was double distilled before use. Sodium sulphate (Chemco fine chemicals, India), methional, hexanal, benzothiazole, decanal, p-vinyl guaiacol, dimethyl trisulfide and 2-ethyl-3,5-dimethyl pyrazine, 2,6-dimethyl pyrazine and benzaldehyde were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, USA. Benzene acetaldehyde and 1-octen-3-ol were purchased from Fluka, USA. 3-methyl butanol was purchased from Reachim, Russia.
3
Volatile Compounds Analysis Protocol
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The chemicals used during the study are the following: (i) 2-methyl-1-propanol; 1-pentanol; 2-ethyl-1-hexanol; phenylethyl alcohol; 2-phenoxyethanol; 3-methylbutanal; 2-ethyl-2-butenal; ethyl butanoate; ethyl-3-hydroxybutanoate; 3-hydroxy-2-butanone (acetoin); 2- methylbutanoic acid, and benzothiazole were obtained from Sigma—Aldrich product, distributed by Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany. (ii) decanal; methyl acetate; 1-decanol; n-hexane; nonane; dodecane; tetradecane, and hexadecane were obtained from Carlo Erba Reagents, Milano (Italy).
4
Antifungal Activity of Benzothiazole
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From the GC-MS analysis, the compound benzothiazole from the fruiting body (cap) of G. lucidum with a high peak area and probability percentage were identified as the antimicrobial compound. Hence, to confirm the antifungal activity, the standard sample benzothiazole was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich chemicals (Sigma Aldrich, Saint Louis, MO, USA) and tested against mycelial inhibition of C. gloeosporioides via the agar well diffusion technique.
benzothiazole standard sample was tested at lower concentrations because higher concentrations inhibited complete mycelial growth. Thus, the standard sample of benzothiazole was dissolved in acetone, and then it was made into different concentrations, viz., 1, 5, 10, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Furthermore, the different concentrations were tested separately against the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides by agar well diffusion assay, as discussed earlier, with three replications for each treatment.
benzothiazole standard sample was tested at lower concentrations because higher concentrations inhibited complete mycelial growth. Thus, the standard sample of benzothiazole was dissolved in acetone, and then it was made into different concentrations, viz., 1, 5, 10, 50, 75, and 100 ppm. Furthermore, the different concentrations were tested separately against the mycelial growth of C. gloeosporioides by agar well diffusion assay, as discussed earlier, with three replications for each treatment.
5
Chitosan-based Heterocyclic Compounds Synthesis
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Chitosan with a molecular weight of 50,000 Da and a deacetylation degree of 87% (determined by solid-state 13C-NMR) was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. High purity grade reactants (benzimidazole, benzothiazole, benzoxazole, and terephthalaldehyde) were also supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. Solvents (acetic acid, acetic anhydride, acetone, and methanol) were purchased from POCH™ (Avantor™ Performance Materials, Gliwice, Poland). All chemicals were used without further purification.
6
Comprehensive Analysis of Sulfur Compounds
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The studied sulfur compounds: ethanethiol (97%), dimethyl sulfide (99%), 1-propanethiol (99%), thiophene (99%), diethyl sulfide (98%), 1-butanethiol (99%), dimethyl disulfide (99%), ethyl thioacetate (98%), 1-pentanethiol (98%), 2-(methylthio)ethanol (99%), 3-(methylthio)propionaldehyde (96%), dipropyl sulfide (97%), diethyl disulfide (99%), thiophenol (97%), 2-methyltetrahydrothiophene-3-one (97%), 3-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (98%), 3-(methylthio)-1-propanol (98%), 2-thiophenecarboxaldehyde (98%), ethyl 3-(methylthio)propionate (99%), dibutyl sulfide (98%), dipropyl disulfide (98%), and benzothiazole (96%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Ethanol and sodium chloride were obtained from Chempur (Piekary Slaskie, Poland). EDTA was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Distilled water was purified with use of Millipore Simplicity UV purification system (18.2 MΩ·cm, Simplicity Millipore Waters, Milford, MA, USA).
7
Benzothiazole Inhibits C6 Glioma
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Benzothiazole was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA) and its stock solution was prepared in DMSO. The animals were divided into four groups of 5 each randomly. The control group were given normal saline (0.9% NaCl) while as those in the treatment groups received intraperitoneally 10 and 15 mg/kg doses of Benzothiazole daily for 21 days after administration of C6 glioma cells.
8
Analytical Standards for Environmental Contaminants
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Gas chromatography (GC) grade (Suprasolv) hexane, methanol, and ethyl acetate were obtained from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Analytical-grade hydrogen chloride was obtained from Panreac (Barcelona, Spain). Caffeine, acetaminophen, ibuprofen, methyl dihydrojasmonate, oxybenzone, ketoprofen, hydrocinnamic acid, 5-methylbenzotriazole, naproxen, carbamazepine, galaxolide, benzothiazole, diclofenac, methylparaben, benzotriazole, tonalide, OH-benzothiazole, tributyl phosphate, tris(2-chloroethyl) phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, triclosan, cashmeran, octylphenol, diazinon, celestolide, atrazine, bisphenol A, 2,4-D, atrazine D5, mecoprop D3, tonalide D3 and dihydrocarbamazepine were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany).
Trimethylsulfonium hydroxide (TMSH) was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Strata-X 100 polymeric SPE cartridges (200 mg) were purchased from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA) and 101 the 0.7 μm glass fibre filters (ø 47 mm) were obtained from Whatman (Maidstone, UK). 102 103
Trimethylsulfonium hydroxide (TMSH) was obtained from Fluka (Buchs, Switzerland). Strata-X 100 polymeric SPE cartridges (200 mg) were purchased from Phenomenex (Torrance, CA, USA) and 101 the 0.7 μm glass fibre filters (ø 47 mm) were obtained from Whatman (Maidstone, UK). 102 103
9
Separation and Quantification of Volatile Organic Compounds
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HayeSep â (80-100 mesh) was purchased from Supelco. Hexane for the HPLC (≥97% and redistilled), nonane, decane, undecane, tridecane, tetradecane, pentadecane, a-pinene (98%), benzothiazole (96%), b-pinene (99%), myrcene (90%), (Z)-3-hexenyl acetate (98%), ocimene [a mix of isomers (E) 70% and (Z) 30%], benzaldehyde (99%), indole (98.5%) and a-copaene (90%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Steinheim, Germany). Linalool, a-humulene (96%) and limonene (97%) were purchased from TCI-America (Portland, USA). Geranylacetone (a mixture of isomers) (96%) and (E)-b-farnesene were purchased from TCI (Tokyo, Japan). (E)-4,8-dimethyl-1,3,7 nonatriene (DMNT) and (E,E)-4,8,12-trimethyl-trideca-1,3,7,11-tetraene (TMTT) were kindly provided by Dr. Michael A. Birkett from Rothamsted Research (UK).
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