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5 protocols using il 1β

1

Biochemical Markers of Cell Injury

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The release rates of LDH (C0016; Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd.), Scr (C011-2; Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China) and BUN (C013-2; Nanjing Jiancheng Bioengineering Institute) were measured with corresponding test kits; IL-1β (SEA563Mu; Wuhan USCN Business Co., Ltd., Wuhan, China) and IL-18 (SEA064Mu; Wuhan USCN Business Co., Ltd.) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits; and caspase-1 activity was measured with the Caspase 1 Activity Assay kit (C1101; Beyotime Biotechnology Co., Ltd.). All tests were performed according to the manufacturer’s instructions.
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2

Lung Cytokine and Oxidative Stress Assay

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Concentrations of cytokines and oxidative modification products were determined in 10% (weight/volume) lung homogenate prepared using 0.1 M ice-cold phosphate buffer (PBS, pH 7.4) by Polytron homogenizer PT 1200 E (5-times for 25 s, 1200 rpm; Kinematica AG, Switzerland). Homogenates were then frozen 3 times and centrifuged (12,000 rpm, 15 min, 4 °C). Final supernatants were then stored at −70 °C until the analysis was performed.
Concentrations of IL-6, IL-1β, IL-10 (USCN Life Science Inc., Wuhan, China), and RAGE (MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA) were quantified using rabbit-specific ELISA kits according to the manufacturers’ instructions. Data were expressed in pg/mL.
Protein oxidative damage was determined using OxiSelectTM Nitrotyrosine ELISA kit (Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Data were expressed in 3-nitrotyrosine nanomole concentration (nM, 3NT). Lipid oxidative damage expressed by the concentration of thiobarbituric acid reacting substances (TBARS) was determined by OxiSelectTM TBARS Assay Kit (Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Data were expressed as malondialdehyde in micromole concentration (μM MDA).
Total antioxidant capacity (TAC) was determined using an ELISA kit according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Cell Biolabs, Inc., San Diego, CA, USA). Data were expressed as micromole concentration of copper reducing equivalents (μM CRE).
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Evaluating Inflammatory Cytokine Modulation

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Dex, psoralen (National Institute for the Control of Pharmaceutical and Biological Products, Beijing, China); NP (Beijing Tong-ren-tang Technology Development Co., Ltd., Beijing, China); cigarettes (China Tobacco Guangdong Industrial Co., Ltd., Guangzhou, China); RPMI-1640 medium, penicillin, streptomycin (Hyclone Laboratories, Logan, UT, USA); and foetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco, USA) were used in this study. ELISA kits for tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-8 (IL-8), interleukin-6 (IL-6), and interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (USCN Life Science, Wuhan, China) were employed. In addition, 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) (Sigma, USA) was also utilized.
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4

Quantifying Hippocampal Markers in Alzheimer's

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Seven (synaptophysin), 8 (GFAP), or 9 (Aβ1–42, cPARP, BDNF, IL-1β, TNFα) days after Aβ25–35 or Sc.Aβ injection, hippocampi were dissected out and rinsed in ice-cold PBS to remove excess blood, and weighed before nitrogen freezing and −80°C storage. Tissues were cut into small pieces, homogenised, sonicated and centrifuged. The supernatants were assayed immediately by ELISA for GFAP, synaptophysin, IL-1β (USCN, China), TNFα (Thermo Scientific, France), BDNF (Promega, France), cPARP (Cell Signalling, France) and Aβ1–42 (Euromedex, France) following manufacturer's recommendations. All samples were assayed in duplicate and only samples for which the CV was <25% between replicates were included for analyses. Results were expressed in pg protein per mg of brain tissue, or as % of Sc. control. Protein concentration was determined in brain homogenates with the BCA protein assay kit (Pierce Perbio Science, France).
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5

Measuring IL-1β and IL-18 Levels

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Cell contents of IL-1β (USCN, Wuhan, China) and IL-18 (USCN, Wuhan, China) were determined by using ELISA kits following the manufacturer's instructions.
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