716 dms titrino

The ILs used in this work were obtained from different firms such as Alfa Aesar, IoLiTec, Sigma Aldrich, or Heavy Water, or were synthesized in our laboratory. The chemical structure, name, abbreviation of the name, molar mass and mass fraction purity of the ILs are listed in Table 5. The synthesis and ¹H NMR and ¹³C NMR spectra of the new three bi-functional ILs are presented in the Supplementary Material (SM). The list of solvents and other chemicals used is presented in Table 6. All other reagents employed in this work were of analytical grade. The water used was deionized by a Millipore purification system.
The samples of ILs were dried for 72 h at T = 340 K under reduced pressure, p = 6 kPa to remove volatile impurities and trace amounts of water. The water content in IL was analyzed by the Karl-Fischer titration technique (Metrohm, 716 DMS Titrino). The mass fraction of water in a sample was less than 800 × 10⁻⁶ g with an uncertainty of u(w.c.) = 10 × 10⁻⁶ g. The uncertainty of the temperature measurements was ±0.1 K. All weighing involved in the experimental work was carried out using a Mettler Toledo AB 204-S balance, with an accuracy of ±1 × 10⁻⁴ g.

BR of FL bacteria (FBR) was measured by the Winkler method that quantifies the consumption rate of dissolved oxygen in 1 μm filtered seawater in BOD bottles after a dark incubation. The content of the four replicate BOD bottles was immediately fixed with Winkler reagents to determine the initial oxygen concentration (at 0 h), while the other four replicate BOD bottles were carefully sealed and incubated for 24 h in the dark before fixing, to determine the oxygen concentration after 24 h. The fixed oxygen was titrated using automated titration apparatus (716 DMS Titrino, Metrohm^®). FBR was calculated from the rate of oxygen consumption from 0 to 24 h and converted to CO₂ production rate by assuming a respiratory quotient (RQ) of 1 (Robinson, 2008 ).
BR measured by this Winkler oxygen consumption method, referred as FBR_m hereafter, is an integrated mean value of BR of FL bacteria over the 24 h incubation.

For soluble solids and titratable acids analysis, 200 g of representative and uniform frozen fruits from each treatment and each harvest week was thawed overnight at 20°C and homogenized using a blender (Braun MR400, Karlsruhe, Germany). The samples were then filtered (Whatman 125 mm, Schleicher & Schuell, Dassel, Germany) and centrifuged at 400 rpm for 15 min (Eppendorf 5810 R, Hamburg, Germany) to obtain juice. Soluble solid concentration was determined from the juice by a digital refractometer (Atago refractometer model PR-1 CO, LTD, Tokyo, Japan), measured as Brix0 and expressed as % soluble solids. Titratable acids were determined by a radiometer endpoint titrator (Metrohm 716 DMS Titrino and 730 Sample Changer, Herisau, Switzerland) that calculated citric acid expressed as a percentage. For determination of dry matter %, berry homogenate (10 g) was dried at 100°C for 24 h in a drying oven (Termaks, Bergen, Norway) and stabilized in a desiccator before weighing.