Myc and β actin

RA-V (purity ≥ 99%) was prepared as described previously and identified by MS and NMR spectroscopies.^{15 (link)} RA-V was dissolved in DMSO to a concentration of 20 mM and was then preserved at −20 °C. RPMI1640, fetal bovine serum and lipofectamine 2000 were purchased from Life Technologies. Chloroquine (Sigma), rapamycin (Sigma), Z-VAD-FMK (Sigma) and acridine orange (Sigma) were dissolved in DMSO. The GFP-LC3 plasmid was obtained as a gift from Professor Canhua Huang (Sichuan University). Kras and P70S6K shRNA were purchased from ORIGENE. The following antibodies were used: caspase-3, Kras, BCL-2, BCL-XL, Beclin1 and LC3B (Cell Signaling Technology); Atg7, Beclin1, p-P70S6K, P70S6K, p-4E-BP1, 4E-BP1, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-AMPK and AMPK (ABCOM); Flag, Myc and β-actin (Santa Cruz).

Human pancreatic cancer cell lines, including PANC-1, SW1990, CFPAC-1, BxPC-3, HPAC, MIAPaCa-2, and Capan-1, were purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA) and maintained in DMEM (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) supplemented with 10 % fetal bovine serum (FBS), 100 units/ml penicillin, and 100 mg/ml streptomycin (Gibco). The cultures were incubated at 37 °C in a humidified atmosphere with 5 % CO₂. Cells were passaged every 2–3 days to support exponential growth. SATB1, MMP2, MMP9, MYC and β-actin antibodies, SATB1 siRNA, and MYC siRNA were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated mouse and goat secondary antibodies were purchased from Genscript (Nanjing, China).